Sheikh Al-Khaleesi in the book “Faisal I, King of Iraq”
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v2i44.493Keywords:
Faisal I, Sheikh Muhammad Mahdi Al-Khaleesi, Sheikh Muhammad Al-Khaleesi, Iraq.Abstract
Criticism of historical books is known for its positive and negative critical evaluation of their historical content. It involves analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the book and assessing its historical scholarly quality. In this historical scientific study, we attempted to provide implicit detailed analytical criticism and evaluate the historical text of the book "Faisal I, King of Iraq." We focused on studying, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from the religious authority of the Khaleeji lineage in the city of Kazimiyah and its religious and political impact on modern Iraqi history. Throughout this study, we presented the reader with a brief introduction to the basic information about the book and its author. We analyzed the historical content of the book by rephrasing the author's conclusions and providing comments supported by documents on each conclusion related to the topic of the Khaleeji family leaders, Sheikh Mahdi and his son Sheikh Muhammad Al-Khaleesi. We also considered the author's writing style and evaluated the organization of the book presented for study and its use of references and other methodological aspects¹.
Contemporary Iraqi history holds significant importance in scientific studies across its political, historical, and social aspects. Recognizing the historical memory of this intellectual heritage and invoking it for successive generations through a rigorous scientific approach is crucial. Our study specifically analyzed the positions of the Khaleeji religious authority in the book "Faisal I, King of Iraq," which comprehensively documents the life of one of the most significant rulers in Iraq's entire history. Faisal I stands out as a prominent figure in the Middle East during a sensitive historical period. His role was pivotal in establishing modern Iraq in 1921. As nations take pride in their national heroes, fighters, and martyrs, the Iraqi memory should always honor the life milestones of Ayatollah Sheikh Muhammad Mahdi Al-Khaleesi (1860-1925), who was a national hero and a fighter. He also served as the highest religious authority during the reign of King Faisal I¹.
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References
The Holy Quran
Unpublished Documents
o Document: Family tree of Al-Khaleesi, signed by Sheikh Habib Jafar Al-Khaleesi (Sheikh of the Bani Asad tribe - Al-Mughams family), dated January 31, 2001.
o British document: Burgyne (OP. Cit) Vol. 2, P.275-277; Historical Documents Center at the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, reference number 4-16-1340 Qamari.
Theses and Dissertations
o Raja Zamal Kazem Al-Mousawi, “Jalal Baban and His Political Role in Iraq until 1958,” unpublished master’s thesis, Ibn Rushd College of Education, University of Baghdad, 2002.
o Sahar Ali Sharif Ismail, “Arthur Balfour and the Zionist Movement,” unpublished master’s thesis, College of Education, University of Tikrit, 2005.
o Muntaha Athab Dhuib, “Percy Cox and His Role in Iraqi Politics (1864-1923),” unpublished master’s thesis, College of Arts, University of Baghdad, 1995.
Arabic Books
o Osama Abdul Rahman Al-Douri, “Iraq’s History during the British Occupation Years 1917-1920,” Dar Al-Sharq, Baghdad, 2009.
o Hassan Shabr, “Contemporary Iraqi Political History,” Vol. 2, Shariat Iran Printing House - Qom, 1427 AH.
o Hassan Latif Al-Alzubaidi, “Encyclopedia of Iraqi Politics,” Vol. 2, Al-Aref Publications, Beirut, 2013.
o Adel Raouf, “Iraq without Leadership: A Study of the Shia Islamic Leadership Crisis in Modern Iraq,” Syria - Damascus, Iraqi Media and Studies Center, 2005.
o Abdul Razzaq Al-Hassani, “History of Iraqi Ministries,” Vol. 1, 4th edition, Dar Al-Kitab, Beirut, 1974.
o Abdul Aal Wahid Aboud Al-Issaawi, “The Wahhabi Invasions of Iraq during the British Mandate Years 1920-1932: A Historical Study,” Al-Raid Printing House, Najaf Al-Ashraf, 2010.
o Ali Bazrkan, “Hidden Memoirs,” Vols. 1+2, 1st edition, Iraqi Scientific Assembly Printing House, Baghdad (undated).
o Ali Al-Wardi, “Social Glimpses from Modern Iraqi History,” Vol. 6, Baghdad, 1976.
o Ali Al-Wardi, “The Previous Source,” Al-Adib Al-Baghdadi Printing House, Vol. 5, Part 1, Baghdad, 1977.
o Ali Bazrkan, “True Facts in the Iraqi Revolution,” Asaad Printing House, Baghdad, 1954.
o Ali Abdul Amir Alawi, “Faisal I, King of Iraq,” translated by Simon Akram Al-Abbas and Ghayth Yusuf Mahfouz, 1st edition, Al-Rafidain Center for Dialogue, Beirut / Najaf Al-Ashraf, 2022.
o Fadel Hussein, “The Problem of Mosul: A Study in Diplomacy (Iraqi - English - Turkish) and Public Opinion,” 3rd edition, printing house…
• Fadel Hussein, “The Mosul Problem: A Study in Diplomacy (Iraqi - English - Turkish) and Public Opinion,” 3rd edition, Seville Printing House, Baghdad, 1977.
• Kazem Ne’ma, “King Faisal I and the English and Independence,” 1st edition, Beirut, 1988, pp. 127-128; Philip Willard Ireland, “Iraq: A Study of Its Political Development,” translated by Jafar Khayyat, Beirut - Lebanon, Dar Al-Kashaf, 1949.
• Committee for Reviving the Heritage of Imam Al-Shirazi, “In the Realm of the Leader of the 1920 Revolution, Imam Mirza Muhammad Taqi Al-Shirazi,” Al-Sadiq Printing House, Karbala, 2004.
• Muhammad Al-Khaleesi, “The Martyr Sheikh Muhammad Mahdi Al-Khaleesi: Documents of Iraq’s Events in the Jihad and Revolution Movement 1914-1925 CE,” 1st edition, Al-Khaleesi Document Center, Damascus, 2008.
• -----, “Summary of Friday Sermons According to My Friday Sermons on 18 Muharram 1374 AH - 1954 CE,” Limited Iraqi Printing House, Publications of the Publishing, Translation, and Authorship Council of Al-Madina University for the Great Al-Khaleesi Imam in Kazimiyah, Baghdad, undated.
• -----, “Twenty-Seven Months in Tehran: Observations of Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Muhammad Al-Khaleesi (1888-1963 CE) with Some Important Documents about Al-Khaleesi Imam, including Reports from the Secret Agencies of the Shah’s Iranian Authority,” edited by Hadi Al-Khaleesi, 1st edition, Beirut, Dar Al-Farabi, 1998.
• -----, “In the Path of Allah: An Autobiography and Jihad Memoirs,” 1st edition, Al-Khaleesi Document Center - Beirut, 2015 CE.
• Maha Mazhar Kani Al-Murshidi, “Sheikh Muhammad Mahdi Al-Khaleesi and His Intellectual and Political Role (1888-1963 CE),” 1st edition, Dar Al-Mahja Al-Bayda, Beirut, 2019 CE.
• -----, “Sheikh Muhammad Mahdi Al-Khaleesi and His Political and Intellectual Role until 2003 CE,” 1st edition, Al-Khaleesi Document Center, Dar Al-Mahja, Beirut, 2020 CE.
• Hashim Al-Dabbagh, “Bright Pages from the Religious and Political Jihad of Iraqi Scholars - The Martyr Sheikh Muhammad Al-Khaleesi,” Vol. 1, 1st edition, Tehran, 1998.
• Islam Dabbagh, “Political Letters of Ayatollah Sheikh Muhammad Khaleesi Zadeh,” Islamic Revolution Support Center, Tehran, 1386 SH (2007 CE), p. 57; Muhammad Al-Khaleesi, “British Injustices between the Rivers,” 3rd edition, Tehran, 1341 Q (1962 CE).
• Dariush Rahmaniyan, “The Republic and Monarchy in Iran (The Fall of the Qajar and the Rise of Reza Shah),” Tehran, 1379 SH (2000 CE).
• Muhammad Qoli Majd, “From Qajar to Pahlavi 1309-1298 Based on Documents from the US Department of State,” translated by Sayyid Reza Marzani and Mustafa Amiri, Tehran, Institute for Political Studies and Research, 2010.
Sixth: Published Research and Studies
• Maha Mazhar Kani Al-Murshidi, “Sheikh Muhammad Mahdi Al-Khaleesi Al-Kabeer (1860-1925 CE): National Reference; His Political Role in Iraq’s History,” a paper presented at the Third International Conference of the Al-Abbas Holy Shrine - Al-Bahr Al-Ilmiyah Charitable Foundation on “Renewal in the Making and Writing of History” under the title “The Scientific Seminary: A Pioneer of Renewal,” Najaf Al-Ashraf, March 15-16, 2018.
Seventh: International Information Network (Internet)
• “Reform Figures in Iraq (13) Ali Al-Bazirkan,” Al-Basair Electronic Newspaper, June 23, 2021, website: [1]1.
• Ibrahim Khalil Al-Alaf, “Ali Al-Bazirkan and Baghdad’s Role in the 1920 Revolution,” see the website: [2]2. Also, refer to the websites of the Al-Rafidain Center for Dialogue:(https://www.iq-tna.com/2018/07/blog-post_99.html )
• International Information Network (Internet), see the website: (https://almutqdm.com)
• International Information Network (Internet), see the website: (https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki)
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