جيمس أوتيس ودوره في مناهضة سياسة بريطانيا الاستعمارية في أميركا الشمالية (1761-1783)

المؤلفون

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v2i41.406

الكلمات المفتاحية:

جيمس أوتيس - الاستعمار البريطاني - اميركا الشمالية -الثورة الأميركية – الدستور

الملخص

     ارتكز موضوع البحث على بيان الدور الفكري والسياسي للمفكر (جيمس أوتيس) ومواقفه المناهضة للسياسات والقوانين البريطانية في العالم الجديد (الاميركيتين ) والتي كان لها الأثر الفاعل في تنمية الوعي القومي والحس الوطني لدى المستوطنين في الولايات المتحدة الأميركية. وكذلك نجاحه في المهام التي أوكلت اليه ولاسيما ما تعلق منها بالنصوص الدستورية الخاصة بصياغة دستور الولايات المتحدة الأميركية, وبما يتناسب وواقع الحياة الجديدة في المستعمرات متجاوزاً بذلك المشكلات التي عانت منها الدساتير الاوربية الأخرى ولاسيما الدستور البريطاني متوجهاً باتجاه الديمقراطية الحقه وضمان الحقوق والواجبات للمواطن الأميركي مع بيان حرصه على مصالح الامة الأميركية ومبادئها وأهدافها, وكذلك دوره الفاعل في تزعمه زمام المبادرة في رفض قانون (أوامر المساعدة البريطانية), وكذلك في تأسيس الجمعية التشريعية في بوسطن عام 1761 , مع بيان اثر الصدى الخطابي الواسع في اذهان المستوطنين في الدفاع عن الحقوق الاجتماعية والسياسية التي أمّنت الحقوق المشروعة للمستوطنين والتثقيف بالحقوق والواجبات التي مهدت الطريق لإعلان الدستور الأميركي واستقلال الولايات المتحدة الأميركية عام 1776  ودوره في ما آلت اليه التطورات السياسية ونتائجها في حرب الاستقلال الامريكية عام 1783.

التنزيلات

تنزيل البيانات ليس متاحًا بعد.

المراجع

First: The published documents:

Documents posted on the website: www.p-wood.com/history/pms2htm-

Suger Act-1764

The Declarations of the Stamp Act Congress 1765.

Jared Ingersoll's account of the parliamentary debates concerning the Stamp Act.

Thomas Hutchinson's account of the Boston Riot, 26 August 1765.

Townchend Act-1767.

Second: Documentary Books:

Charles A. Goodrich, History of the United States of America, New York, 1825.

David Ramsay, The History of the American Revolution, in Two volumes, Vol.11, Edited by: Lester Cohen, Indiana polis Library Fund, 1789.

James Otis, The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved, Pamphlets, ed. Bernard Bailyn, Boston, 1764.

John r. Alden, A history of the American Revolution, New York, 1969

per hard Knollenberg, Growth of the American Revolution, 1766-1775, New York, 1975.

Sources and Documents illustrating the American Repletion 1764-1788 and the formation of the federal constitution. Selected and edited by Samuel Eliab Morison, second edition, New York, 1965.

William Tudor, the Life of James Otis of Massachusetts, Boston, 1823.

Third: Academic Studies (University Theses and Dissertations):

Bushra Tayes Abdel Moamen, The French Position on the American War of Independence (1778-1783), Master Thesis (unpublished), College of Education, Al-Mustansiriya University, 2006.

Thamer Abd Jabr Hashoush Al-Badiri, John Adams and his role in American politics (1797-1801), master's thesis (unpublished), College of Arts, University of Kufa, 2013.

Ammar Muhammad Ali Hussein al-Ta’i, American diplomacy during the War of Independence (1775-1783), a historical study, PhD thesis (unpublished), College of Arts, University of Baghdad, 2009.

Nagham Talib Abdullah Al-Nuaimi, Internal political developments in the United States of America in the early years after the War of Independence (1783-1789), PhD thesis (unpublished), College of Arts, University of Baghdad, 2012.

Yunus Abbas Nima al-Yasiri, Britain's policy towards its colonies in North America (1763-1776), master's thesis (unpublished), College of Education, University of Babylon, 2006.

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Ahmed Swelim Al-Omari, The Origins of International Political Relations (The State and the Individual in the International Family), 1st Edition, (Cairo 1959).

Basilios Kharbawi, History of the United States from its discovery to the present time, 1st edition, (New York, 1913).

Jamal Mahmoud Hajar, Studies in American History, 1st Edition, University Knowledge House, (Alexandria, 2005).

Jawaharlal Nehru, The Great Revolutions, translated by: Ahmed Bahauddin, 1st Edition, Dar Rose Al-Youssef, (Cairo, 1955).

Roscoe Pound, Guarantees of Freedom in the American Constitution, translated by: Muhammad Labib Shanib, 1st edition, (Cairo, 1957).

Stephen Vincent Bennett, America, translated by: Abdel-Aziz Abdel-Meguid, 1st Edition, US Bureau of Information, (Cairo, 1945).

Aisha Ibrahim Youssef Mu'tikaf, The Role of Boston in the American War of Independence (1775-1783) A Study in Modern Political History, 1st edition, Dar Nour Houran for Studies, Publishing and Heritage, (Damascus, 2021).

Abdel-Aziz Suleiman Nawar, and Abdel-Majid Na’i, Modern History of the United States of America, 1st Edition, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, (Beirut, 1973).

Abdulaziz Suleiman Nawar and Mahmoud Muhammad Jamal al-Din, History of the United States of America from the sixteenth century until the twentieth century, 1st edition, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, (Cairo, 1999).

Abdel Fattah Hassan Abu Alih, History of the Americas and the Political Formation of the United States of America, 1st edition, Dar Al-Marikh, (Riyadh, 1981).

Abdul Qadir Ahmed Al-Youssef, The European Middle Ages (476-1500), Historical Studies Series 2, 1st Edition, Directorate of Dar Al-Kitab for Printing and Publishing, (Baghdad, 1966).

Ali Zaher, The American Empire, "Pages from the Past and Present", Part 1, Edition 1, Al Shorouk Bookshop, (Cairo, 2001).

Francis Whitney et al., Brief American History, 1st edition, US Bureau of Inquiries publications, (Cairo, 2001).

Frank Thesluet, The Great Revolution, translated by a group of university professors, 1st edition, Dar Al-Sharq Al-Jadid, (Beirut, 1955).

Lynn Hunt, The Emergence of Human Rights, a Brief History, Translated by: Fayqa Gerges Hanna, 1st Edition, Hindawi Foundation, (Cairo, 2020).

Muhammad Mahmoud Al-Nayrab, Al-Mofassal in the History of the United States of America until 1877, 1st Edition, New House of Culture, (Cairo, 1997).

Melvin Aroofsky, Individual Rights (Individual Freedom and the Bill of Rights), 1st edition, (New York, 2003).

Hashem Salih Mahdi Al-Tikriti, Introduction to the Modern History of the United States of America from Discovery to Independence, 1st Edition, Dar Al-Jawahiry, (Baghdad, 2013).

Fifth: Foreign books:

Dorothy Marshall, Eighteenth Century England, New York, 1962.

H. Davis Derek, Religion and the Continental Congress 1774-1789, oxford, 2000.

Marcius Wilson, American History Comprising Historical Sketches of Indian Tribes, New York, 1857.

Marston Daniel, The French–Indian War 1754-1760, New York, 2003.

Stark James, The Loyalists of Massachusetts and The Other Side of the American Revolution, Boston, 1910.

John C. Miller, Origins of the American Revolution, Stand Sord, 1959.

Trevor Colburn, The Lamp of The Experience, Whig History and The Intellectual Origins of the American Revolution, New York, 1965.

Sixth: Research and Articles:

Dniel Woislaw, This unknown colonial lawyer helped spark the American Revolution and paved the way for American property rights, March 18, 2020.

Research published on the Internet the following website:

https://pacificlegal.org/james-otis-american-property-rights/

James M. Farrell, The Child Independence is Born: James Otis and Writs of Assistance, University of New Hampshire, 2014.

Seventh: Encyclopedias:

Saad bin Abd al-Rahman al-Baz’i and others, The Arab World Encyclopedia, C (13, 26), 3rd edition, The Business Encyclopedia for Printing and Publishing, (Riyadh, 1999).

Abd al-Wahhab al-Kayyali and others, Encyclopedia of Politics, Part 7, Edition 1, Modern Techno Press Press, (Beirut, 1990).

Encyclopedia Britannica, Vol. 4, USA, 1966.

Encyclopedia Americana, Vol.14, 17, New York

منشور

2023-03-26

إصدار

القسم

الدراسات التاريخية

كيفية الاقتباس

"جيمس أوتيس ودوره في مناهضة سياسة بريطانيا الاستعمارية في أميركا الشمالية (1761-1783)". 2023. مجلة اداب ذي قار 2 (41): 72-104. https://doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v2i41.406.