الآثار الناتجة عن التطور الجيومورفولوجي لبحيرة النعمانية الهلالية واستعمالات الأرض فيها

المؤلفون

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v3i41.410

الملخص

تناول البحث التطور الجيومورفولوجي لبحيرة النعمانية الهلالية التي كانت منعطفاً سابقاً وانفصلت عن مجرى نهر دجلة قرب مدينة النعمانية وسط العراق، اذ حدد البحث الخصائص (الجيولوجية، الطوبوغرافية، البيدولوجية، الهيدرولوجية، المناخية، البيولوجية) وأثرها في ذلك التطور واستعمالات الارض فيها.

اتضح من البحث دور الخصائص الطبيعية في النشأة والتطور الجيومورفي للبحيرة، وقدر حدوث حالة انقطاع البحيرة عن دجلة طبيعياً عام 1884، ومنذ ذلك الوقت تعرضت البحيرة للضمور وتقلصت مساحتها بأثر الارساب المائي والريحي، الا ان التدخل البشري أسهم في تغيير اتجاه التطور نحو اتساع مساحتها في المدة الأخيرة الى أن وصلت مساحتها الحالية (1,42)كم2، من خلال استعمالها سابقاً كمقلع لاستخراج ملح الطعام، واستعمالها الحالي كمجمع لمياه بزل الأراضي الزراعية المجاورة.

انقطاع الالتواء عن النهر وتحوله الى بحيرة كان له آثاراً (جيومورفية، هيدرولوجية، بيئية، بيدولوجية) من حيث عمليات التجوية والتعرية والارساب، الى جانب تباين خصائص مياه البحيرة بين الصيف والشتاء باثر تباين عناصر المناخ والمواسم الزراعية وكميات مياه البزل ونسبة التغذية الجوفية، وعموماً سجل ارتفاع ملوحة المياه، مما أثر على تملح ضفاف البحيرة والمناطق المجاورة لدرجة انها عرفت بـ (شط الملح) أو (مملحة النعمانية). لقد تغيرت استعمالات الارض للبحيرة والارض المحيطة بها كمقلع للأملاح  أو مبزل زراعي، مع تغير الغطاء الارضي نحو تزايد عدد استعمالات الارض بالوقت الحالي، وأنتهي البحث ببعض الاقتراحات الهادفة.

التنزيلات

تنزيل البيانات ليس متاحًا بعد.

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منشور

2023-03-26

كيفية الاقتباس

"الآثار الناتجة عن التطور الجيومورفولوجي لبحيرة النعمانية الهلالية واستعمالات الأرض فيها". 2023. مجلة اداب ذي قار 3 (41). https://doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v3i41.410.