واقع التربية والتعليم في اليابان للمدة 1912 – 1926 " دراسة تاريخية"
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v6i46.610الكلمات المفتاحية:
تعليم ، اليابان ، عهد تايشو ، مدارسالملخص
يُعد التعليم ذا أهمية كبيرة في بناء الشعوب وعنصراً أساسياً في تطورها ونهضتها ، ولا يمكن أن ننظر إلى النهضة اليابانية دون أن نرى موضوع التعليم يقابلنا بوضوح، اذ شهد نظام التعليم الياباني الحديث إصلاحات واسعة بدأت في السنوات الأخيرة من القرن التاسع عشر ثم انتعشت في مطلع القرن العشرين.
وكان التعليم في اليابان خلال المدة (1912-1926) ذا أهمية كبيرة في سياسة الدولة العامة وفي مراحله كافة من رياض الأطفال حتى المراحل الجامعية ، وكان للتربية النصيب الأوفر في تلك السياسة ، ولعل معيار الأخلاق هو من أسهم في تطور التعليم في اليابان وجعله يتقدم بخطوات واسعة وفي مدة ليست بالطويلة . في هذا البحث تناولنا واقع التربية والتعليم في اليابان خلال مدة 1912-1926 مركزين على سياسة الحكومة التعليمية وواقع المؤسسات التربوية وتطورها خلال تلك المدة معتمدين على مصادر عدة متنوعة وذات صلة بالموضو
التنزيلات
المراجع
Sources
First: Documentary Books:
Education in Japan, by the Department of Education, Tokyo, Japan, 1915.
Second: Books in English:
Burton, Margaret E., The Education of Women in Japan, Fleming H. Revell Company, New York, 1914.
Inoue, Ken, The Education and Training of Industrial Manpower in Japan, Washington, D.C., 1985.
Tsujimoto, Masashi and Yamasaki, Yoko, The History of Education in Japan (1600–2000), London and New York, 2017.
The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), The History of Japan’s Educational Development, Translated by Maurice E. Jenkins, Tokyo, 2004.
Third: Books in Arabic and Translated:
Bu Lahiya, Yahya, Educational Missions in Japan and Morocco from the 1840s to the 1940s: Different Beginnings and Different Outcomes, Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, 1st Edition, Beirut, 2016.
Beauchamp, Edward, Japanese Education and American Education: A Comparative Study, Translated by: Mohamed Taha Ali, 2nd Edition, Dar Al-Ma’arifa for Human Development, Riyadh, 2002.
Hamed, Raouf Abbas, The Modern Japanese Renaissance, No Publisher, No Date.
Al-Khatib, Mohamed, The Japanese Experience (An Islamic Perspective), 1st Edition, Dar Al-Sahwa for Publishing and Distribution, Cairo, 1994.
Shabana, Abdel Fattah Mohamed, Japan: Customs, Traditions, and the Addiction to Excellence, Madbouly Library, Cairo, 1997.
Darwish, Fawzi, The Far East: China and Japan (1853 – 1972), Ghabashi Press, Tanta, 1997.
Reischauer, Edwin, The Japanese, Translated by: Laila Al-Jabali, Alam Al-Ma’rifa, Kuwait, 1989.
———, The History of Japan from the Roots to Hiroshima, Translated by: Youssef Shalab Al-Sham, 1st Edition, Dar Alaa Al-Din, Damascus, 2000.
Al-Samarrai, Nouman Abdul Razzaq, In the Depths of the Japanese Experience, Dar Al-Hikma, London, 2000.
Al-Sahlani, Kazem Helan Mohsen, The Role of Japanese Education in Building the Human, Published in the book: Building Youth … Building Iraq, Basra, The Third Central Conference of the House of Wisdom, 2012.
Talib Salman, Muntaha, Documentary Studies in the Modern and Contemporary History of Japan 1500-1980, 1st Edition, Dar Al-Farahidi, Baghdad, 2010.
Abdel Muttalib, Assem Mahrous and Hreidi, Salah Ahmed, Studies in the Modern and Contemporary History of the Far East, 1st Edition, Bostan Al-Ma’rifa Library, Cairo, 2003.
Michio, Nagai and Orshia, Miguel, The Reform Revolution in Japan “Meiji Ishin”, Translated by Adel Awad, Egyptian General Book Organization, Alexandria, 2003.
Fourth: Arabic and Foreign Theses and Dissertations:
Saloumi, Iman Alawi, Japan’s Domestic and Foreign Policy during the Taisho Era 1912-1926, Unpublished PhD Thesis, College of Education for Women, University of Baghdad, 2013.
Abbas, Kazem Abbas, The Samurai and Their Political, Military, and Cultural Role in Japan until 1868, Unpublished Master’s Thesis, College of Education (Ibn Rushd), University of Baghdad, 2013.
Al-Najjar, Sahar Abbas Abdul Hassan, Internal Political Conditions in Japan 1926 – 1939: A Historical Study, Unpublished Master’s Thesis, College of Education, University of Basra, 2010.
Cassel, Donald F., Vocational Education in Japan: A Survey from 1868 to 1980, Unpublished M.A. Thesis, The University of Alberta, Canada, 1984.
Fifth: Published Arabic and Foreign Research and Studies:
Fadhli, Nadia Fadel Abbas, The Social Structure in Japan and the Lessons Learned for Iraq, Political Science Journal, University of Baghdad, Issue 55, 2018.
Salman, Muntaha Talib, The Elements of Japan’s Cultural Renaissance (A Historical Study), College of Education Journal, Al-Mustansiriya University, Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2010.
Al-Sayed Fares, Shehab Al-Din, The Japanese Experience and Some Features of Modern Education (The School and the Formation of the Japanese Personality), Japanese and Oriental Studies Journal, Center for Oriental Studies, Cairo University, Issue 3, July 2009.
Mohamed, Walid Aboud and Aboud, Muthanna Abdul Jabbar, Education in Japan until 1600, College of Basic Education for Educational and Human Sciences Journal, University of Babylon, Issue 27, June 2016.
———, The Development of Education in Japan 1853-1868, Studies in History and Archaeology Journal, University of Baghdad, Issue 54, June 2016.
Hussein, Maysoun Abbas, Education in Japan during the Meiji Era 1868 – 1912 (A Historical Study), College of Basic Education Journal, Al-Mustansiriya University, Vol. 21, Issue 88, 2015.
Azeem, Wissam Hadi Akar, Education in Japan during the Meiji Era 1868 - 1912, Iraqi University Journal, Iraqi University, Vol. 36, Issue 3, 2016.
Beauchamp, Edward R., The Development of Japanese Educational Policy, 1945-85, History of Education Quarterly, Vol. 27, No. 3 (Autumn, 1987).
Davies, Ian, and others, Citizenship Education in Japan, Citizenship, Social and Economics Education Journal, Vol. 9, No. 3, 2010.
Lombard, Frank Alanson, Liberal Education in Japan, Envelope Series Journals, The University of Doshisha, Vol. XXVI, No. 3 (October, 1923).
Shimizu, Minoru, Japanese English Education and Learning: A History of Adapting Foreign Cultures, Educational Perspectives, Vol. 43, No. 1-2, 2010.
Yonezu, Mika, History of the Reception of Montessori Education in Japan, Espacio, Tiempo y Educación Journal, Salamanca, Spain, Vol. 5, No. 2, July-December 2018.
Sixth: Websites:
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