The social conditions of Shatra during the British rule 1918-1921 Prof Dr. Shakir Hussein Dumdum
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v2i43.477Keywords:
British-Sri Lankan cooperationAbstract
This topic deals with the social conditions of Shatra during the British rule 1918-1921. This research came from four basic topics: The first topic was devoted to the British policy and its impact on the nature of the social structure in Shatra. While the second topic touched on the social organizations of the Shatra tribes during the British rule. The third topic dealt with the impact of non-Muslim religious sects in Shatra on social life. The fourth and final topic came to address the aspects of social life in Shatra from education, health, endowments and sports.
The research relied on a variety of sources, especially unpublished and published British documents. As well as Arabic, Arabized and foreign books and some published articles.
The British domination of Iraq added its political importance mainly to some tribes with a high percentage, this from one side, and from another side the emergence of worthy personalities in these tribes. In Shatra, some personalities appeared on the stage of tribal leadership, so we notice the emergence of more than one sheikh on the leadership of one tribe, and that some of these personalities feel that they have achieved something for their tribe and have a reputation among the tribes.
Received 6/4/2023
, Accepted 5/8/2023 ,
Published 30/9/2023.
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:First: The unpublished British documents:
F.O. 371 - 3407 X/M 07739, Report on the Administration of the Military Governorship of Nassiriyah from April Ist, 1916, to March 3lst, 1917, Revenue Basrah Wilayat. It is preserved in D.K.O., its subject: Various documents on Iraq, file sequence: 603, within London documents.
F.O.3713407 X/M 07739, Revinue Basrah Wailayt. It is preserved in D.K.O. under the title: Various documents on Iraq, file sequence: 306, within London documents.
C.O., 730- 150, 68568, X/M 08533, “Notes on the Tribes and Shaikhs of Shatrah District by Captain C.S.t. Berkeley, 14th December 1919”. It is preserved in D.K.O. within London documents, its title, Various documents on Iraq, file sequence: 414.
Second: The British occupation documents:
D.K.O. The documentary unit, files of the British occupation, file sequence: 188, its subject monthly reports, and 1, p. 8.
D. K.O., the documentary unit: files of the British occupation, file sequence: 1056/209, file subject: Iraqi tribes, and 1, p. 125.
D.K.O., the documentary unit, files of the British occupation, file sequence: 1056/ 209, file subject: Iraqi tribalism, and 1, p. 135.
D.K.O., the documentary unit, files of the British occupation, file sequence: 1056/ 209, file subject: Iraqi tribalism, and 4, p. 126.
D. K.O., the documentary unit: files of the British occupation, file sequence: 1056/209, file subject: Iraqi tribes, and 45, p. 124.
D.K.O., the documentary unit, files of the British occupation, file sequence: 1056/ 209, file subject: Iraqi tribalism, and 46, p. 125.
D.K.O., the documentary unit, files of the British occupation, file sequence: 1056/ 209, file subject: Iraqi tribalism, and 46, p. 126.
D.K.O. The documentary unit, files of the British occupation, file sequence: 1056/ 209, file subject: Iraqi tribalism, and 46, p. 127.
D.K.O., the documentary unit, files of the British occupation, file sequence: 1056/ 209, file subject: Iraqi tribalism, and 46, p. 128.
D.K.O., the documentary unit, files of the British occupation, file sequence: 1056/ 209, file subject: Iraqi tribalism, and 46, p. 129.
D.K.O., the documentary unit, files of the British occupation, file sequence: 1056/ 209, file subject: Iraqi tribalism, and 46, p. 130.
The documentary unit, files of the British occupation, file sequence: 1056/ 209, file subject: Iraqi tribalism, and 50, p. 138.
D.K.O. The documentary unit, files of the British occupation, file sequence: 1056/ 209, file subject: Iraqi tribalism and 50, p. 139.
D.K.O., the documentary unit, files of the British occupation, file sequence: 1056/ 209, file subject: Iraqi tribalism, and 50, p. 140.
D.K.O. The documentary unit, files of the British occupation, file sequence: 1056/ 209, file subject: Iraqi tribalism, and 57, p. 156.
D.K.O., the documentary unit, files of the British occupation, file sequence: 1056/ 209, file subject: Iraqi tribalism, and 57, p. 159.
D.K.O. The documentary unit, files of the British occupation, file sequence: 1056/ 209, file subject: Iraqi tribalism, and 77, p. 158.
D.K.O. The documentary unit, files of the British occupation, file sequence: 1056/209, file subject: Iraqi tribes, opened on 11/7/1915 closed on 15/8/1921, and 78, p. 253.
D.K.O. The documentary unit, files of the British occupation, file sequence: 1056/ 209, file subject: Iraqi tribalism, opened on 11/7/1915, closed on 15/8/1921, and 78, p. 254.
D.K.O. The documentary unit, files of the British occupation, file sequence: 1056/ 209, file subject: Iraqi tribalism, opened on 11/7/1915, closed on 15/8/1921. and 77, p. 255.
D.K.O. The documentary unit, files of the British occupation, file sequence: 1056/ 209, file subject: Iraqi tribalism, opened on 11/7/1915, closed on 15/8/1921 and 78, p. 256.
Third: The published British documents:
“Great British, Reports of Administration for 1918 of Division and Districts of the Occupied Territories in Mesopotamia”, Vol. I.
“The Muntafik”, The Arab Bureau, Calcutta, 1917.
Fourth: The Arabic sources:
Abbas al-Azzawi, Tribes of Iraq, Vol. 4, Baghdad, 1956.
Abdul Razzaq al-Hilali, Education in Iraq in the Era of the British Occupation, Vol. 2, Baghdad.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Prof Dr. Shakir Hussein Dumdum
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