The theory of governance at Qudama bin Jaafar d. 337 AH / 948 AD In his book Al-Kharj and the writing industry
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v3i44.504Keywords:
writing, state administration, system of governance, kings, royal court.Abstract
The Muslims cared more than they cared for writing about the policy of managing the state and the system of governance required and the nature of the ruler and his moral qualities, and also how his assistants are from ministers and advisers and other employees, as well as the way the ruler reaches the seat of power. Many scholars of the Islamic nation at that time wrote about this, among them Qudamah bin Ja’far al-Baghdadi, who died in 337 AH / 948 AD, who devoted six chapters to talk about this topic in his book (The Tax and the Art of Writing) in the eighth (last) position, speaking in importance to the need of people to establish governance and what are the specifications of kings (rulers) and their responsibilities and how their relations with the people are. The research was divided into three topics: the first dealt with a brief biography of Qudamah bin Ja’far and his author (The Tax and the Art of Writing), and the second the human need for a system of governance, and the third in the morals of kings and the qualities of their employees from ministers and others from the royal court staff.
Downloads
References
Ibn al-Jawzi, al-Muntazim, vol. 6, p. 280. Yaqut, Mu’jam al-Udaba’, vol. 17, p. 12: An unknown name, al-Safadi, al-Wafi bi al-Wafayat, vol. 7, p. 14.
Ibn al-Nadim, al-Fihrist, p. 188.
Ibn al-Jawzi, al-Muntazim, vol. 6, p. 28.
Ibn al-Nadim, al-Fihrist, p. 188. Tabana, Qudama ibn Ja’far, al-Naqd al-Adabi, p. 47.
al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Tarikh Baghdad, vol. 7, p. 205.
Tabana, Qudama ibn Ja’far and al-Naqd al-Adabi, p. 48.
Ibn al-Nadim/ al-Fihrist, p. 188.
Ibn Qutayba, he is Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Muslim ibn Qutayba al-Dinawari 213-276 AH / 828-889 AD, one of the literary, linguistic and historical scholars in the Abbasid era. He has many books, including Uyun al-Akhbar and Adab al-Katib. Ibn al-Nadim, al-Fihrist, p. 77.
al-Mubarrad, Abu al-Abbas Muhammad ibn Yazid, one of the great scholars in the sciences of language, rhetoric, grammar and criticism. He was born in 210 AH / 825 AD and died in 286 AH / 899 AD. Yaqut, Mu’jam al-Udaba’, vol. 7, p. 137. Ibn al-Nadim, al-Fihrist, p. 266.
Tha’lab, he is Ahmad ibn Yahya ibn Yazid al-Nahwi, one of the prominent grammarians in Kufa. He was born in 200 AH / 816 AD and died in 291 AH / 904 AD. Ibn al-Nadim, al-Fihrist, p. 80.
al-Wazir ibn al-Furat, he is Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Musa ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Furat. He became the vizier in the days of the Abbasid caliph al-Muqtadir bi-Allah 320 AH / 932 AD. Ibn al-Furat died in . al-Safadi, al-Wafi bi al-Wafayat, vol. 22, p. 5.
Diwan al-Zimam, established by the Abbasid caliph al-Mahdi in 158 AH / 775 AD. Its task was to audit the accounts to control the financial aspects and ensure the interest of the state treasury.
Yaqut, Mu’jam al-Udaba’.
Ibn al-Nadim, al-Fihrist, p. 188. al-Zubaydi, Introduction to the Book of al-Kharaj and the Art of Writing, p. 8, p. 9.
Ibn Thaqri Bardhi, al-Nujum al-Zahira, vol. 3, p. 298.
Ibn al-Jawzi, al-Muntazim, vol. 6, p. 280. Ibn Kathir, al-Bidaya wa al-Nihaya, vol. 11, p. 220.
al-Mutrizi, al-Iydah, p. 33.
al-Zubaydi, Introduction to the Book of al-Kharaj, p. 10.
Yaqut, Mu’jam al-Udaba’, vol. 17, p. 13 and 14.
al-Zubaydi, Introduction to the Book of al-Kharaj, p. 11.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p.
al-Zubaydi, Introduction to al-Kharaj, p. 11.
al-Zubaydi, Introduction to the Book of al-Kharaj, p. 12.
al-Wazir Ali ibn Isa ibn Dawud ibn al-Jarrah Abu al-Hasan, the vizier of al-Muqtadir bi-Allah and al-Qahir bi-Allah. He loved the people of knowledge and frequented their sessions. He was born in 245 AH / 859 AD and died in 335 AH / 946 AD. al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Tarikh Baghdad, vol. 13, p. 459.
Abu Hayyan, al-Imta’ wa al-Mu’anasa, vol. 4, p. 145, p. 146.
The same source, p. 145, p. 146.
al-Zubaydi, Introduction to the Book of al-Rikaz, p. 19.
al-Zubaydi, Introduction to the Book of al-Kharaj, p. 130.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 201.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 425.
Surah al-Nisa, verse 58.
Surah Sad, verse 26.
Muslim, Sahih Muslim, hadith 1827. al-Nasa’i, Sahih al-Nasa’i, hadith 5379.
al-Bukhari, al-Sahih, hadith 1423. Muslim, al-Sahih, hadith 1031.
Nahj al-Balagha, vol. 1, p. 91.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 425.
Surah al-Qamar, verse 49.
Surah Ya Sin, verse 12.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 426.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 427, p. 428.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 430.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 432.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 432.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 434.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 434.
Ibn Khaldun, al-Muqaddima, p. 220.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 436.
Surah al-Baqara, verse 179.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 436.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 436, p. 437.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 436, p. 437.
Surah al-Anbiya, verse 22.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 437.
Some examples are: al-Imama wa al-Siyasa by Ibn Qutayba al-Dinawari, d. 276 AH, Nasiha al-Muluk by al-Mawardi, d. 450 AH, Adab al-Wazir by al-Mawardi, d. 450 AH, al-Ahkam al-Sultaniyya wa al-Wilayat al-Diniyya by al-Mawardi, and al-Tibr al-Masbuk fi Nasiha al-Muluk by Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, d. 505 AH, and Siraj al-Muluk by al-Tartushi, d. 520 AH, and al-Shifa fi Mawa’iz al-Muluk wa al-Khulafa by Ibn al-Jawzi, d. 597 AH, and al-Minhaj al-Masluk fi Siyasa al-Muluk by al-Shirazi, d. 774 AH, and Muqaddima Ibn Khaldun, d. 808 AH, and Bada’i al-Silk fi Daba’i al-Mulk by Ibn al-Azraq, d. 896 AH, and others.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 439.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 439.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 440.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 440.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 440.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 440.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 442.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 442.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 442.
Surah al-Nahl, verse 12.
Surah al-Ankabut, verse 43.
Ibn Majah, al-Sunan, hadith number 4208.
al-Amidi, Ghurar al-Hikam, p.2151
Ibn Shu’ba, Tuhaf al-Uqul, p.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 442.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 443.
Surah al-Nazi’at, verses 41, 40, 39, 38, 37.
Ahmad ibn Hanbal, al-Musnad.
Ahmad ibn Hanbal, al-Musnad.
al-Bukhari.
al-Amidi, Ghurar al-Hikam, 179.
al-Kulayni, al-Kafi, vol. p. 335.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 443.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 444.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 444.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 445.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 445.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 445, p. 446, p. 447.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 447.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 449 and beyond.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 465.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 466.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 466.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 466.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 466.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 467.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 472, p. 473.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 475.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 476.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 476.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 476.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 476.
Qudama, al-Kharaj, p. 478.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ass.Prof Dr. Fadel Kadhim Sadiq
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The journal applies the license of CC BY (a Creative Commons Attribution International license). This license allows authors to keep ownership of the copyright of their papers. But this license permits any user to download, print out, extract, reuse, archive, and distribute the article, so long as appropriate credit is given to the authors and the source of the work. The license ensures that the article will be available as widely as possible and that the article can be included in any scientific archive.
