The Impact of the Nationalization of the Suez Canal in 1956 on US-Panamanian Relations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v1i43.476Keywords:
Nationalization ,Canal ,Panama , Suez , United StatesAbstract
The research studies the impact of the Nationalization of the Suez Canal in 1956 on the US-Panamanian relations, as the relations between the two countries witnessed tensions at the popular and diplomatic levels, and it came to the matter that the Panamanian government raised its voice loudly by demanding its canal, similar to what the Egyptians did in terms of nationalization, and the matter was further complicated by the call for the London Conference , which was held in the wake of Gamal Abdel Nasser's Nationalization of the Suez Canal, and not inviting Panama was a shock to the latter, although it has a global channel used by most countries for commercial purposes .
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List of sources and references
First: Published documents:
A: Documents of the US Department of State published on the site: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocument
-Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States Diplomatic Papers, 1955-1957, The American Republics, Vol.VI (Central and South America Republic), (Washington, 1988). B- Bulletin of the US Department of State published on the site: https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record 1- Department of State Bulletin, Vol.XXXIV, May 28, 1956, No.883.
- Department of State Bulletin, Vol.XXXIV, June 4, 1956, No.884.
- Department of State Bulletin, Vol.XXXVII, September 16, 1957, No.95.
Second: Dissertations and theses in Arabic:
- Abdullah Muslim Shatib, American Policy towards Panama 1939-1945, unpublished PhD thesis, University of Basra, College of Education for Humanities, 2019.
- Lubna Naji Muhammad, John Foster Dulles and his political role in the United States of America 1888 - 1953, unpublished master’s thesis, College of Education for Girls - Tikrit University, 2018.
Third: Arabic and translated books:
- Buthaina Abdul Rahim Al-Tikriti, Gamal Abdel Nasser: The Emergence and Development of Nasserist Thought, Center for Arab Unity Studies, Beirut, 2000.
- J. Halcro Ferguson, Revolutions in Latin America, translated by: Abdul Raouf Azeddine, reviewed by: Fathallah Al-Khatib, Egyptian House for Writing, Cairo, n.d.
- Jalal Yahya, The Panama Problem, Modern Printing Press, Cairo, 1979.
- - Latifa Muhammad Salim, The Suez Crisis 1954 - 1957 Roots, Events, Results, Madbouli Printing Press, Alexandria, 1996.
- - Nuwar Jalil Hashim, Waterways and Global Energy Security, Scientific Books House, Baghdad, 2011.
Fourth: Books in English:
- Ovidio Diaz Espino, How Wall Street Created A Nation, Four Walls Eight Windows , New York , 2001.
- Paul B. Ryan , The Panama Controversy (U.S. Diplomacy and Defense Interests), Hoover Institution Press , California ,1977 .
- Michael L. Conniff , Panama and the United States: The Forced Alliance , University of Georgia Press , Georgia ,1992 .
- Walter Lafeber , The Panama Canal (The Crisis in Historical Perspective ) , Oxford University Press , New York , 1989. 6- Robert C. Harding , The History of Panama , Greenwood Press , London , 2006.
Fifth: Research and articles in Arabic:
- Abdullah Muslim Shatib , American-Panamanian Relations 1946 - 1955 , Journal of the College of Arts , Basra , Volume 101 , Issue One , 2022.
- Abdullah Hamid Al-Atabi , Nibras Khalil Ibrahim , and Anwar Nasser Hassan , American Policy towards Nicaragua (Historical Study) Journal of the College of Arts , Baghdad , Issue 103 , 2013 .
- Malik Jabr , Imperialism and the Panama Canal , International Politics Journal , Issue 2 , October 1965 .
Sixth: Research and articles in English:
- Mercer D. Tate , The Panama Canal and Political Partnership , University of Chicago Press , Vol. 25 , No. 1 , February 1963.
Seventh: Encyclopedias: A-Arabic:
• Abdul Wahab Al-Kayali , Encyclopedia of Politics , Vol. 1 , Arab Foundation , Beirut , 1993 2- William Langer , Encyclopedia of World History , translated by: Abdul Monem Abu Bakr , Vol. 8 , Nahda Egyptian Library , Cairo , 1971
B-Foreign: 1- Thomas M. Leonard , Historical Dictionary of Panama , Rowman and Littlefield , New York , 2015 .
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