محـمد بن مالك الغرناطي منهجه وموارده في كتابه" زهرة البستان ونزهة الاذهان "(ت 537 هــ/ 1142 م)

المؤلفون

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v2i44.490

الكلمات المفتاحية:

الطغنري - زهرة البستان – الزراعة – الفلاحة

الملخص

 تعد الزراعة واحدة من أهم الأسس والدعائم الهامة التي يقوم ويرتكز عليها الاقتصاد بوجه عام، نظرا لما تمتاز به من استغلال المقومات الطبيعية التي خلقها الله تعالى من تربة ومياه وهواء وطقس وغيرها، فالزراعة فن وعلم وحرفة ومهنة وضرورة في آن واحد، فيعتمد عليها الإنسان في تأمين غذائه وطعامه وملبسه ومسكنه، كما يعتمد عليها أيضا في إطعام ماشيته من أبقار وأغنام وغيرها، وقد شكلت الزراعة أحد أهم القطاعات المهنية والحرفية بالنسبة للإنسان، فجعل منها مهنة يقوم بها ليحقق من خلالها ربحا اقتصاديا، وقد كانت الحياة الزراعية تقوم على بعض العوامل الطبيعية من جهة وتقوم أيضا على مدى مقدرة الأنسان على استغلال وتحسين هذه العوامل من جهة أخرى، وق كثرت المؤلفات في هذا الصدد، إلا أن كتاب (زهرة البستان ونزهة الأذهان) كان كتابا مهما في هذا المجال، فقد عكف مؤلفه على بيان أنواع النباتات والمحاصيل وطرق زراعتها والاهتمام بها، مما أثرى المكتبة العربية والإسلامية بكتاب عظيم كهذا الكتاب.

التنزيلات

بيانات التنزيل غير متوفرة بعد.

المراجع

- Ibn al-Athir, Izz al-Din Abu al-Hasan Ali al-Shaybani (d. 630 AH/1232 CE): 1- The Complete History, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya for Publishing and Distribution (Beirut, 2009 CE).

- Al-Idrisi Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Idris al-Hasani al-Talibi known as al-Sharif (d. 560 AH/1164 CE): 2- The Pleasure of the Seeker in Crossing the Horizons, vol. 1, Alam al-Kutub (Beirut, 1409 AH).

- Ibn Bassam al-Shantarini, Abu al-Hasan Ali bin Bassam (d. 542 AH/1147 CE): 3- The Treasure of the Virtues of the People of the Island, edited by Ihsan Abbas, Dar al-Thaqafa (Beirut, 1979 CE)

- Bishri, Saad bin Abdullah: 4- The Scientific Life in the Era of the Taifa Kings in Andalusia 422/488 AH, King Faisal Center for Islamic Research and Studies (Jordan, 1993 CE).

- Al-Bakri, Abu Ubayd Allah Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz (d. 487 AH/1094 CE): 5- The Paths and the Kingdoms, edited by Jamal Talba, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya (Beirut, 2002 CE),

- Ibn Bassal al-Tulaytuli, (d. 499 AH/ 1105 CE): 6- The Book of Agriculture, translated by Jose Maria Millas Vallicrosa, Muhammad, Aziman, Moulay Hassan Institute (Tetouan, 1955 CE).

- Bayoun, Suha: 7- The Contribution of Muslim Scholars to the Sciences in Andalusia, Dar al-Ma’rifa for Publishing, Printing and Distribution (Lebanon, 2008 CE),

- Ibn Balqin, (d. 483/1095 CE) 8- The Memoirs of Prince Abdullah and the Book of Explanation, edited by E. Levi-Provencal, Dar al-Ma’arif (Egypt, 1955 CE)

- Al-Tujibi, Said bin Ahmad bin Luwin: 9- Summaries from the Book of Agriculture, vol. 1, Al-Najah al-Jadida Printing House (Casablanca, 2001 CE)

- Al-Jubouri, Kamel Salman Jassem: 10- Dictionary of Poets 1-6 - From the Pre-Islamic Era to the Year 2002 CE, (Beirut, 2001 CE)

- Al-Janabi, Qais Kazem: 11- Perfume among the Arabs, vol. 1, Al-Intishar al-Arabi (Beirut, 2015 CE),

- Gouda Hassanein Gouda - Fathi Muhammad Abu Ayyana: 12- The Rules of General Geography: Natural and Human, vol. Dar al-Ma’rifa al-Jami’iyya (Morocco, no date)

- Ibn Hijaj al-Ishbili, Ahmad bin Muhammad (d. ca. 5th/11th century CE): 13- The Convincing in Agriculture, edited by Salah Jarar, Jaser Abu Safiya, Abdul Aziz al-Douri, Publications of the Arabic Language (Jordan, 1986 CE):

- Haddad, Khaled K 14- Abu Bakr al-Razi, Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi (Damascus, 2006 CE)

- Ibn Hamdun, Abdul Razzaq Muhammad al-Jaza’iri: 15- The Unveiling of the Symbols in the Explanation of the Drugs and Herbs, vol. 1, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya (Beirut, 1996 CE),

- Al-Humayri, Muhammad bin Abdul Mun’im al-Sanhaji (d. 710 AH/1310 CE): 16- The Garden of the Rain, edited by Ihsan Abbas, vol. 2, Maktabat Lubnan (no place, 1984 CE). 17- The Description of the Island of Andalusia, selected from the Book of the Garden of the Rain, published and annotated by Levi-Provencal, vol. 2, Dar al-Jeel (Beirut, 1988 CE).

- Ibn al-Khatib, Lisan al-Din Muhammad bin Said (d. 776 AH/1374 CE): 18- The Comprehensive in the News of Granada, vol. 1, Dar al-Amal for Studies (Algeria, 2009 CE).

- Ibn Khaldun, Abdul Rahman bin Muhammad (d. 808 AH/ 1405 CE): 19- The Lessons and the Book of the Beginning and the History of the Days of the Arabs, the Ajam, the Berbers and those who were their Contemporaries from the People of the Great Authority, Dar al-Kitab al-Lubnani (Beirut, 1981 CE). 20- The Introduction of Ibn Khaldun, edited by Abdullah Muhammad al-Darwish, vol. 1, Dar Ya’rub (Damascus, 2004 CE).

- Abu al-Khayr al-Ishbili known as Abu al-Khayr al-Andalusi (d. ca. 6th/12th century CE): 21- The Pillar of the Physician in the Knowledge of the Plants, vol. 1, edited by Muhammad al-Arabi al-Khattabi, Dar al-Gharb al-Islami (Beirut, 1995 CE):

- Al-Darwish, Jasem, Al-Aliawi Hussein Jabbar: 22- Studies in the History of Andalusian Cities from the Cities and Fortresses of Toledo (Madrid-Wadi al-Hijara-Aqlish-Talamanca), vol. 1, Tamuz Dimuzi for Printing and Publishing (Damascus, 2018 CE).

- Al-Dimyati, Mahmoud Mustafa: 23- Dictionary of the Names of the Plants Mentioned in Taj al-Arus by al-Zabidi, The Egyptian General Organization for Authorship and Translation (Cairo, 1965 CE).

- Al-Razi, Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Zakariya (313 AH/ 925 CE): 24- The Comprehensive in Medicine, vol. 1, edited by Haytham Khalifa Ta’imi, Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-Arabi (Beirut, 2002 CE)

- Bou Zaid, Said Sayed Ahmed: 25- Almeria in the Era of Banu Sumadah, Dar al-Hussein for Printing and Publishing (Morocco, 2003 CE).

- Ibn Abi Zara’ al-Fasi, Abu al-Hasan Omar bin Muhammad, (was alive before 726 AH/1325 CE): 26- The Entertaining Singer with the Garden of the Paper in the News of the Kings of Morocco and the History of the City of Fez, (Rabat, 1972 CE).

- Al-Zuhri, Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Abi Bakr (d. after 541 AH/1154 CE): 27- The Book of Geography, edited by the Islamic Center for Printing (Cairo, no date).

- Saad Allah, Abu Bakr Khaled: 28- Fragrances from Our Glorious Scientific Heritage, The Arab Organization for Education, Culture and Science (Tunis, 2011 CE).

- Ibn Sina, Abu Ali al-Hussein bin Abdullah (d. 427 AH/1037 CE): 29- The Canon of Medicine, edited by Najla Qasim Abbas, The Center of Scientific Heritage (Baghdad, 1989 CE).

- Taheri, Ahmad: 30- The Construction and Urban Development in Seville of the Abbadids, Reconstructing the City through the Arabic Sources, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya (Beirut, 2000 CE).

- Taheri, Ahmad: 30- The Construction and Urban Development in Seville of the Abbadids, Reconstructing the City through the Arabic Sources, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya (Beirut, 2000 CE). 31- Medicine and Agriculture in Andalusia between Wisdom and Experimentation, The Research Group in the Moroccan-Andalusian Archive (Morocco, 1997 CE).

- Al-Tabari, Ali bin Sahl (d. 247 AH/952 CE): 32- The Paradise of Wisdom in Medicine, edited by Muhammad Zubair al-Siddiqi, Aftab Printing House (Berlin, 1928 CE).

- Al-Tughnari, Muhammad bin Malik (d. 537 AH/1142 CE): 33- The Flower of the Garden and the Delight of the Minds, vol. 2, edited by Muhammad Mawloud al-Mashhadani, vol. 2, Nur al-Sham Center (Damascus, 2001 CE).

- Tawil, Mariam Qasim: 34- The Kingdom of Granada in the Era of the Zirid Berbers 403-483 AH, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya for Publishing and Printing (Beirut, 1993 CE).

- Ashour, Marwa Muhammad Abdul Rahim: 35- The Impact of Health and Environment on the Andalusian Society Economically, Socially and Urbanly, Dar al-Ta’lim al-Jami’i (Alexandria, 2023 CE).

- Al-Amiri, Muhammad Bashir Hasan Radi: 36- Civilizational Studies in the History of Andalusia, Dar al-Manhal for Publishing, Printing and Distribution (Jordan, 2011 CE). 37- Chapters on the Innovations of Medicine and Pharmacy in Andalusia, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya for Publishing, Printing and Distribution (Beirut, 2008 CE).

- Abdullah, Hamd bin Abdul Aziz. 38- Water in the Islamic Thought and Arabic Literature, vol. 1, Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs (Morocco, 1996 CE).

- Ibn Abdul Malik al-Marrakushi, Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Abdul Malik al-Ansari al-Awsi (d. 703 AH/1303 CE): 39- The Supplement and the Completion for the Books of the Connection and the Relation, edited and annotated by Ihsan Abbas and others, vol. 2, Dar al-Gharb al-Islami (Tunis, 2012 CE).

- Ibn Az-Zari al-Marrakushi, Abu al-Abbas Ahmad bin Muhammad (was alive in 712 AH/1312 CE): 40- The Moroccan Statement in the News of Andalusia and Morocco, edited by J. S. Colin and E. Levi-Provencal, Dar al-Thaqafa (Beirut, no date).

- Omar, Ahmad Mukhtar Abdul Hamid Omar: 41- Dictionary of the Contemporary Arabic Language, vol. 1, Alam al-Kutub (Morocco, 2008 CE)

- Anan, Muhammad Abdullah: 42- The State of Islam in Andalusia in the Era of the Almoravids and the Almohads in Morocco and Andalusia, vol. 2, Maktabat al-Khanji (Cairo, 1990 CE).

- Ibn al-Awam, Abu Zakariya Yahya bin Muhammad bin Ahmad (d. 580 AH): 43- The Book of Agriculture, translated by Don Jose Antonio Banqueri, vol. 1, La Imprinta Real (Madrid, 1802 CE).

- Issa, Ahmad: 44- The History of Plants among the Arabs, Hindawi Foundation for Education and Culture (Cairo, 2012 CE).

- Ghalib, Muhammad bin Ayub al-Balansi (d. 571 AH/1175 CE): 45- The Joy of the Souls, a piece from the book The Joy of the Souls in the History of Andalusia and its Cities after the Four Hundred, edited by Lotfi Abdul Badi (Cairo, 1856 CE).

- Ghazala Zarwana and Nabila al-Ghoul: 46- (The Andalusian Farmer from the Second to the Sixth Century AH / the Eighth to the Twelfth Century CE), an unpublished master’s thesis, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences (Algeria, 2019 CE).

- Ghraiba, Abdul Karim: 47- Arabs of Water and Human, vol. 1, Dar al-Faris for Publishing, Printing and Distribution (Jordan, 2006 CE).

- Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyya, Shams al-Din Abu Abdullah al-Dimashqi (d. 751 AH/1350 CE): 48- The Prophetic Medicine, a part of the book The Provision of the Hereafter, Dar al-Hilal (Beirut, no date).

- Ibn Lyon al-Tajibi, Saad bin Ahmad: 49- Summaries from the Book of Agriculture, Al-Najah al-Jadida Printing and Distribution House (Casablanca, 2001 CE).

- Malabi, Angel Alcala: 50- Alchemy in Andalusia, Department of Culture and Tourism (Abu Dhabi, no date).

- A group of writers: 51- Encyclopedia of the Scholars and Writers of the Arab Muslims, Dar al-Jeel (Cairo, 2004 CE).

- A group of authors: 52- The History of the Arabs and their Civilization in Andalusia, Dar al-Madar al-Islami (Beirut, 2000 CE).

- Unknown, an Andalusian author who lived in the eighth century AH / the fourteenth century CE: 53- The Embroidered Garments in Mentioning the News of Marrakesh, vol. 1, edited by Suhail Zakkar and Abdul Qadir Zamama, published and distributed by Dar al-Rashad al-Haditha (Casablanca, 1979 CE).

- Mahmoud, Zaki Najib: 54- Jabir bin Hayyan, Hindawi Foundation for Printing and Publishing and Distribution (Cairo, 2022 CE).

- Al-Marzabani, Abu Ubayd Allah Muhammad bin Imran: 55- Dictionary of the Poets, Publications of Maktabat al-Nuri (Damascus, 2001 CE).

- Mari, Muhammad bin Rashid bin Muhammad Al Azba: 56- The Pearl of the News of the Tribe of Mari, Maktabat al-Mari for Publishing (Saudi Arabia, 2002 CE).

- Al-Maqri, Shihab al-Din Ahmad bin Muhammad al-Tilimsani (d. 1041 AH/1631 CE): 57- The Fragrant Breeze from the Branch of Andalusia, Dar Sader for Publishing and Distribution (Beirut, 2012 CE).

- Munis, Hussein: 58- The History of Geography and Geographers in Andalusia, vol. 2, Maktabat Madbouli (Madrid, 1986 CE). 59- The Landmarks of the History of Morocco and Andalusia, vol. 5, Dar al-Rashad for Printing and Publishing and Distribution (Morocco, 1993 CE)

- Al-Musuli, Muzaffar Ahmad: 60- Medicinal Plants Mentioned in the Heavenly Books, vol. 1, Dar al-Namudhajiyya for Printing and Publishing (Beirut, 2011 CE).

- Al-Miyah, Ali Muhammad: 61- Agricultural Geography, vol. 1, Al-Irshad Printing House (Baghdad, 1976 CE).

- Al-Nu’man, Muhammad Hisham: 62- Palaces and Gardens of the Arab-Islamic Andalusia, a Heritage, Archaeological, Urban and Aesthetic Study, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya for Publishing and Printing and Distribution (Beirut, 2017 CE).

- Ibn Wahshiyya, Abu Bakr bin Ali al-Kaldani (d. 318 AH/930 CE): 63- The Nabataean Agriculture, edited by Tawfiq Fahd, The French Scientific Institute for Arabic Studies (Damascus, 1995 CE).

- Yaqut al-Hamawi, Shihab al-Din Abdullah bin Abdullah (d. 626 AH/1229 CE): 64- Andalusia from the Dictionary of the Countries, edited and annotated by Jasim Yasin al-Darwish, vol. 1, (Basra, 2012 CE).

التنزيلات

منشور

2023-12-31

كيفية الاقتباس

مطلك م.د حيدر ناجي. 2023. "محـمد بن مالك الغرناطي منهجه وموارده في كتابه’ زهرة البستان ونزهة الاذهان ’(ت 537 هــ/ 1142 م)". مجلة اداب ذي قار 2 (44). Huminites:44-91. https://doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v2i44.490.

إصدار

القسم

الدراسات التاريخية