الإمام علي ( علية السلام )في فكر النظّام إبراهيم بن سيار المعتزلي (ت231ه/846م )

List of sources and references

The Holy Quran

First, the primary sources

Ibn al-Atheer, Abu al-Hasan Ali bin Abi Karam (d. 630 AH 1233 AD)

-The Lion of the Forest in the Knowledge of the Companions, investigated by Ali Muhammad Moawad and Adel Ahmad Abd al-Mawgod (I 1, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, Beirut - Lebanon, 1415 AH / 1994 AD)

Al-Ajri, Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Al-Hussein bin Abdullah (d. 360 AH / 971 AD)

- Sharia, investigation: Abdullah bin Omar bin Suleiman Al-Dumaiji (2nd edition, Dar Al-Watan, Riyadh, 1420 AH / 1999 AD)

Al-Ash’ari, Abu Al-Hasan Ali bin Ismail (324 AH/936 AD)

- Articles of Islamists and the Differences of Worshipers, achieved by: Naim Zarzour (I 1, Al-Mataba Al-Asriya, 1426 AH / 2005 AD)

Ibn Atham al-Kufi, Abu Muhammad Ahmad (d. 314 AH/926 AD)

- Al-Fotouh, investigation: Ali Sherry (1st Edition, Dar Al-Adwaa for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, 1411 AH / 1990 AD)

Al-Ayji, Abd al-Rahman bin Ahmed (d. 756 AH / 1355 AD)

-Al-Mawqif, achieved by: Abd Al-Rajman Amira (1st Edition, Dar Al-Jeel, Beirut - Lebanon, 1417 AH / 1997 AD)

Al-Baghdadi, Abdul Qaher bin Taher (d. 429 AH/1038 AD)

- The difference between the teams (2nd Edition, Dar Al Afaq Al Jadeeda, Beirut - Lebanon, 1397 AH/1977 AD

Al-Baghawi, Abu al-Qasim Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Abdul Aziz (d. 317 AH / 929 AD)

-Dictionary of the Companions, achieved by: Muhammad Al-Amin bin Muhammad Al-Jakni (I 1, Dar Al-Bayan Library, Kuwait, 1421 AH / 2000 AD)

Al-Baladhuri, Ahmed bin Yahya bin Jaber (d. 279 AH/892 AD)

- Ansab al-Ashraf, achieved by: Ihsan Abbas (Dr., German Orientalists Association, Beirut - Lebanon, 1400 AH/1979 AD)

Al-Jahiz, Amr bin Bahr bin Mahboub (d. 255 AH/869 AD)

-Animals (2nd floor, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, Beirut - Lebanon, 1424 AH / 2003 AD)

Ibn Hibban, Muhammad bin Hibban bin Ahmed (d. 354 AH / 965 AD)

-Al-Thiqat, achieved by: Muhammad Abdul-Ma’id Khan (1st Edition, Ottoman Encyclopedia, Hyderabad Deccan - India, 1393 AH/1973 AD)

Ibn Abi Al-Hadid, Izz Al-Din Abdul Hamid bin Hebat Allah (d. 656 AH / 1258 AD)

-Explanation of Nahj al-Balagha, investigation by: Muhammad Abu al-Fadl Ibrahim (Dr., Dar Al-Kutub Al-Arabiya, d.t)

Ibn Hanbal, Abu Abdullah Ahmad bin Muhammad (d. 241 AH/855 AD)

-Al-Illal, investigation: Wasi Al-Din Mahmoud Abbas (1st Edition, Dar Al-Khani, Saudi Arabia - Riyadh, 1408 AH / 1988 AD)

Al-Khashni, Abu Dhar Musab bin Muhammad bin Masoud (d. 604 AH / 1207 AD)

- Brief dictation in the explanation of Gharib al-Sir, achieved by: Paul Brunella (Dr., Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, Beirut - Lebanon, d.T)

Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi, Abu Bakr Ahmed bin Ali (d. 463 AH/1071 AD)

-The History of Baghdad, achieved by: Bashar Awad Maarouf (1st Edition, Dar Al-Gharb Al-Islami, Beirut_Lebanon, 1422 AH / 2002 AD)

Ibn Khalkan, Abu al-Abbas Ahmed bin Muhammad (d. 681 AH / 1282 AD)

-The Deaths of Notables and the News of the Sons of Time, investigation: Ihsan Abbas (I 1, Dar Sader Beirut, 1415 AH / 1994 AD)

Khalifa, Abu Amr Khalifa bin Khayat bin Khalifa (240 AH/854 AD)

-Tabaqat Khalifa bin Khayat, investigation: Suhail Zakkar (Dr., Dar Al-Fikr for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, 1414 AH / 1993 AD)

Al-Dhahabi, Shams Al-Din Muhammad bin Ahmed (748 AH / 1347 AD)

-Biography of the Nobles’ Flags, investigated by: Shuaib Al-Aznaout and others, presented by: Bashar Awwad (3rd Edition, Al-Resala Foundation, 1405AH/1985AD)

-The Balance of Moderation in Criticism of Men, achieved by: Ali Muhammad Al-Bajawi (1st Edition, Dar Al-Maarifa for Printing and Publishing, Beirut_Lebanon, 1382 AH/1963AD)

Al-Zamakhshari, Abu Al-Qasim Mahmoud bin Omar bin Muhammad (d. 538 AH / 1143 AD)

-The basis of rhetoric (Dr. T, Al-Shaab House and Printing Press, Egypt - Cairo, 1380 AH / 1960 AD)

Ibn Saad, Muhammad bin Saad bin Manea Al-Zuhri (d. 230 AH/845 AD)

-Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra (The Greater Layers), Detected: Ali Muhammad Omar (1st Edition, Al-Khanji Library, Egypt - Cairo, 1421 AH / 2001 AD)

Sharif Al-Murtada, Ali bin Al-Hussein Al-Mousawi (d. 436 AH/1044 AD)

-Amali Al-Murtada (Gharar Al-Fawad wa Durar Al-Qa’id) Investigated by: Muhammad Abu Al-Fadl Ibrahim (I 1, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Arabiya, 1373AH/1954AD)

-Tanzeh the Prophets (2nd Edition, Al-Haidariya Press, Iraq - Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf, 1380 AH / 1961 AD)

-Victory, Investigation: The Islamic Publishing Corporation (Dr. T, Islamic Publishing Corporation, 1415 AH 1994 AD)

Ibn Shahr Ashub, Muhammad bin Ali (d. 588 AH / 1192 AD)

-Manaqib Al Abi Talib, investigation by a committee of Najaf professors (Dr. T, Al-Haidariya Library, Iraq - Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf, 1376AH/1956AD)

Al-Shahristani, Abu al-Fath Muhammad ibn Abd al-Karim (d. 548 AH / 1153 AD)

-Boredom and Bees (Dr. Al-Halabi Foundation, Dr. T)

Al-Saduq, Abu Jaafar Muhammad bin Ali bin Babawayh (d. 381 AH / 991 AD)

-Characteristics, investigation: Ali Akbar Al-Ghafari (Dr., Islamic Publishing Corporation of the Teachers’ Community, Iran - Qom, 1403 AH / 1983 AD)

Al-Safadi, Salah al-Din Khalil bin Ibek (764 AH / 1363 AD)

-Al-Wafi in Deaths, Investigated by: Ahmad Al-Arnaout and Turki Mustafa (Dr. T, House of Revival of Heritage, Beirut - Lebanon, 1420 AH / 2000 AD)

Ibn Tawus, Abu al-Qasim Ali bin Musa bin Jaafar (d. 664 AH / 1266 AD)

- Faraj Al-Mahmoum (Dr. Al-Radhi Publications, Iran - Qom, 1363 AH / 1944 AD)

Al-Tabarsi, Abu Mansour Ahmed bin Ali (d. 548 AH / 1153 AD)

-Al-Ihtijaj, achieved by: Muhammad Baqir Al-Khursan (Dr., Dar Al-Numan for Printing and Publishing, Iraq - Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf, 1386 AH / 1966 AD)

Al-Tusi, Abu Jaafar Muhammad bin Al-Hassan bin Ali (d. 460 AH/1068 AD)

-Summary of Al-Shafi, achieved by: Mr. Hussein Bahr Al-Ulum (d., Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyya, Iran _ Qom, d).

Al-Amili, Ali bin Yusuf Al-Nabati (d. 877 AH / 1472 AD)

-The Straight Path, investigated by: Muhammad Baqir Al-Bahboudi (1st Edition, Al-Murtaza Library for the Revival of Ja`fari Antiquities, 1384 AH/1964AD)

Ibn Abd al-Barr al-Numeiri, Abu Omar Yusuf bin Abdullah bin Muhammad (d. 463 AH/1071 AD)

-Assimilation in the Knowledge of the Companions, achieved by: Ali Muhammad Al-Bajawi (1st Edition, Dar Al-Jeel, Beirut - Lebanon, 1412 AH / 1992 AD)

Al-Ajli, Abu Ahmad Al-Hassan bin Abdullah (d. 261 AH/875 AD)

-Al-Thiqat (1st Edition, Al-Dar Library, Madinah, 1405AH/1985AD)

Ibn Asaker, Abu al-Qasim Ali bin Al-Hassan bin Hebat Allah (d. 571 AH / 1175 AD)

-The History of Damascus, achieved by: Amr bin Gharamah Al-Amrawi (Dr., Dar Al-Fikr for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, 1415 AH / 1995 AD)

Al-Asqalani, Ibn Hajar, Abu Al-Fadl Ahmed bin Ali (d. 852 AH / 1448 AD)

-The injury in distinguishing the companions, achieved by: Adel Ahmed Abdel Mawgod and Ali Moawad (I 1, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmia, Beirut - Lebanon, 1415 AH / 1994 AD0

-Lisan Al-Mizan, achieved by the Systematic Encyclopedia of India (2nd Edition, Al-Alame Institution for Publications, Beirut - Lebanon, 1390 AH/1971AD)

-Enlightening the Attentive by Liberating the Suspect, Investigation: Muhammad Ali Al-Najjar (Dr., Scientific Library, Beirut - Lebanon, Dr. T)

Ibn Attia, Abu Muhammad Abd al-Haq ibn Ghalib (d. 542 AH 1147 AD)

-The brief editor in the interpretation of the dear book, achieved by: Abd al-Salam Abd al-Shafi Muhammad (1st edition, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, Beirut - Lebanon, 1422 AH / 2001 AD)

Allama Al-Hilli, Abu Mansour Al-Hasan bin Yusuf (d. 726 AH/1326 AD)

-Extract from Al-Irshad (Dr., Office of the Great Ayatollah Marashi Najafi, Iran - Qom, 1406 AH / 1986 AD)

Al-Farahidi, Al-Khalil bin Ahmed (d. 170 AH / 786 AD)

-Al-Ain, Investigation: Mahdi Al-Makhzoumi and Ibrahim Al-Samarrai (Dr., Al-Hilal Library House, Dr. T)

Al-Fadl, Abu Muhammad Al-Fadl bin Shazan bin Al-Khalil (260AH/874AD)

-The Clarification, Investigated by: Jalal Al-Din Al-Husseini (1st Edition, Daneshkah Publications Institution, Tehran - Iran, 1363 AH / 1944 AD)

Judge Al-Numan, Abu Hanifa Al-Numan bin Muhammad bin Mansour (d. 363 AH / 974 AD)

-Sharh Al-Akhbar, investigated by: Muhammad Al-Husseini Al-Jalali (2nd Edition, Islamic Publishing Corporation of the Teachers’ Community, Iran - Qom, 1414 AH / 1993 AD)

Judge Abdul-Jabbar Al-Hamadhani (died 415 AH / 1024 AD)

-The Virtue of Retirement and the Classes of Mu'tazila, Investigated by Fouad Sayed (1st Edition, Dar Al-Farabi, Beirut - Lebanon, 1439 AH / 2017 AD)

Ibn Qutayba al-Dinori, Abu Muhammad Abdullah bin Muslim (d. 276 AH / 889 AD)

-Interpretation of the Different Hadiths (2nd Edition, Foundation Al-Ashraf, 1419 AH / 1999 AD)

-Al-Maaref: Realizing the wealth of Okasha (2nd ed., General Egyptian Book Authority, Egypt - Cairo, 1413 AH / 1992 AD)

Al-Kulayni, Muhammad bin Yaqoub bin Ishaq (d. 329 AH / 941 AD)

-Al-Kafi, achieved by: Ali Akbar Al-Ghafari (3rd Edition, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Islamiyya, Iran - Tehran, 1367 AH / 1948 AD)

Ibn Al-Murtada, Ahmed bin Yahya (died 840 AH 1436 AD)

-Tabaqat al-Mu'tazila, investigated by: Susanna Develd (2nd Edition, Dar al-Muntadhar, Beirut - Lebanon, 1409 AH / 1988 AD)

Al-Mufid, Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Al-Nu’man (d. 413 AH/1022 AD)

-Al-Irshad, investigation: Aal al-Bayt Institute, Realizing Heritage (2nd Edition, Dar Al-Mufeed for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, Beirut - Lebanon, 1414 AH / 1993 AD)

-The Selected Chapters, achieved by: Nour Al-Din Jafrian Al-Asbahani, Yaqoub Al-Jaafari, and Mohsen Al-Ahmadi (2nd Edition, Dar Al-Mufid for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, Beirut - Lebanon, 1414 AH / 1993 AD)

-Al-Masa’il Al-Saghani, investigated by Muhammad Al-Qadi (2nd Edition, Dar Al-Mufeed for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, Beirut - Lebanon, 1414 AH / 1993 AD)

Al-Maqdisi, Al-Mutahhar bin Taher (d. 355 AH / 966 AD)

-Beginning and History (Dr., Library of Religious Culture, Egypt - Port Said, Dr. T).

Al-Maqrizi, Abu Al-Abbas Ahmed bin Ali (d. 845 AH / 1441 AD)

-Exhortations and considerations by mentioning plans and effects (I 1, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, Beirut - Lebanon, 1418 AH / 1997 AD)

Al-Mazi, Yusuf bin Abdul Rahman bin Yusuf (742 AH / 1341 AD)

-Tahdhib al-Kamal fi Asma al-Rijal, achieved by: Bashar Awwad Maarouf (I 1, Al-Risala Foundation, Beirut - Lebanon, 1400 AH/1980 AD)

Al-Masudi, Abu Al-Hasan Ali Bin Al-Hussein (d. 346 AH / 957 AD)

-Meadows of Gold and Minerals of the Core (Dr. T, Dar Al-Hijrah Publications, Iran - Qom, 1404 AH / 1984 AD)

Al-Malti, Abu Al-Hussein Muhammad bin Ahmed (d. 377 AH/987)

-Alerting and responding to the people of desires and innovations, achieved by: Muhammad Zahid bin Al-Hassan Al-Kawthari (d. T., Al-Azhar Heritage Library, d. T).

Ibn Manjuyeh, Ahmed bin Ali bin Muhammad bin Ibrahim (d. 428 AH/1037 AD)

-Men of Sahih Muslim, verified by: Abdullah Al-Laithi (1st Edition, Dar Al-Maarifa, Beirut - Lebanon, 1407 AH/1987 AD)

Ibn Mandah, Muhammad bin Ishaq (395AH/1005AD)

-Knowledge of the Companions, investigation: Amer Hassan Sabry (1st Edition, United Arab Emirates University Press, 1426 AH / 2005 AD)

Ibn Manzur, Abu al-Fadl Muhammad bin Makram bin Ali (d. 711 AH / 1311 AD)

-Lisan Al-Arab (3rd floor, Dar Sader, Beirut - Lebanon, d.t)

Al-Nasheed Al-Akbar, Abu Al-Abbas Abdullah bin Muhammad (d. 293 AH / 906 AD)

-Issues of Imamate, investigated by: Youssef Van As (D.T, Shi’ite Book Network, Beirut - Lebanon, 1391 AH / 1971 AD)

Ibn Nabatah, Jamal al-Din Ibn Nabatah al-Masri (d. 768 AH / 1367 AD)

-Sarh Al-Oyoun in the Explanation of Ibn Zaydoun’s Message, Investigation: Muhammad Abu Al-Fadl Ibrahim (Dr., Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, d.t).

Ibn al-Nadim, Abu al-Faraj Muhammad ibn Ishaq (438 AH/1046)

-Al-Fihrist, achieved by: Ibrahim Ramadan (2nd Edition, Dar Al-Maarifa, Beirut - Lebanon, 1417 AH / 1997 AD)

Abu Naim Al-Asbahani, Ahmed bin Abdullah bin Ahmed (died 430AH/1039AD)

-Knowing the Companions, investigation: Adel Youssef Al-Azzazi (1st Edition, Dar Al-Watan Publishing, Riyadh, 1419 AH / 1988 AD)

Al-Nawbakhti, Abu Muhammad Al-Hasan bin Musa (d. 310 AH / 922 AD)

-The Shiites' Factions (1st Edition, Al-Rida Publications, Beirut - Lebanon, 1433 AH / 2012 AD)

Al-Nawawi, Abu Zakaria Yahya bin Sharaf (d. 676 AH / 1277 AD)

-Refinement of Names and Languages (Dr. T., Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyya, Beirut - Lebanon, Dr. T).

Al-Yafi’i, Abu Muhammad Afif Al-Din bin Abdullah (d. 768 AH / 1367 AD)

-The Mirror of the Heavens and the Lesson of Vigilance in Knowing What Is Considered as Incidents of Time, Investigation: Khalil Al-Mansour (I 1, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyya, Beirut - Lebanon, 1417AH/1997AD)

Al-Yaqubi, Ahmed bin Abi Yaqoub (d. 284 AH/897 AD)

-Tarikh Al-Yaqoubi, (Dr. T., Dar Sader, Beirut - Lebanon, D. T)

Second: references

Al-Amin, Mohsen (died 1371 AH / 1952 AD)

-Notables of the Shiites, investigated by: Hassan Al-Amin (Dr. T., Dar Al Ta'rif for Publications, Beirut - Lebanon, D. T).

Al-Boroujerdi, Sayyid Hussein Al-Tabatabai (d. 1383 AH / 1963 AD)

-The Shiite hadith collection (Dr. T. Al-Mahr Press, Iran - Qom, 1415 AH / 1994 AD)

Sobhi, Ahmed Mahmoud

-On the Science of Theology (5th Edition, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Beirut - Lebanon, 1405 AH / 1985 AD)

Al-Zubaidi, Mortada (d. 1205 AH / 1791 AD)

-The crown of the bride from the jewels of the dictionary, achieved by a group of specialists (Dr. T, The National Council for Culture, Arts and Letters, Kuwait, 1422 AH / 2001 AD)

Al-Zarkali, Khair Al-Din Bin Mahmoud, 0 d 1396 AH / 1950 AD)

-Al-Alam (15th edition, Dar Al-Ilm for Millions, 1423 AH / 2002 AD)

Al-Majlisi, Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Baqir bin Muhammad Taqi (d. 1111 AH / 1699 AD)

-Bihar Al-Anwar, investigation: Yahya Al-Abidi Al-Zanjani, and Abdul Rahim Al-Rabbani Al-Shirazi (2nd Edition, Al-Wafa Foundation, Beirut - Lebanon, 1403 AH / 1983 AD)

-Mirror of Minds in Explanation of the Messenger’s Akhbar, Investigation: Ali Al-Akhundi (1st Edition, Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyya, 1409AH/1989AD)

Al-Nashar, Ali Sami

-The emergence of philosophical thought in Islam (9th edition, Dar Al-Maaref, Egypt - Cairo, d.T)

Victory God, Jawad Kazem

-Imam Ali in the Thought of the Mu'tazila of Basra (I 1, Dar Al-Fayhaa for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, Iraq - Basra, 1434 AH / 2013 AD)

-Imam Ali in the Thought of the Mu'tazila of Baghdad (1st Edition, Nahj al-Balaghah Science Foundation at the Hussainiya Holy Shrine, Iraq - Karbala, 1438 AH / 2017 AD)

Third: Master's theses

Al-Shammari, Jamil Shri Fadeeh

-The Caliph Omar Ibn Al-Khattab’s Shura Council, A Study of the Causes and Repercussions of the Foundation (Master’s Thesis, Dhi Qar University, College of Arts, 1442 AH/2021 AD)