دور منظمة الدول الأمريكية في التسوية السلمية للنزاعات الأمريكية (1948-1950)

المؤلفون

  • ا.د عقيل جعيز شمخي كلية الإمام الكاظم (ع) للعلوم الإسلامية الجامعة / أَقسام ميسان
  • مصطفى كاظم يوسف كلية الإمام الكاظم (ع) للعلوم الإسلامية الجامعة / أَقسام ميسان

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v6i46.609

الكلمات المفتاحية:

منظمة الدول الأمريكية، لجنة السلام للبلدان الأمريكية، الأمن الجماعي، التَّسْوية السلمية للنزاعات.

الملخص

The Organization of American States is the final result of the long efforts made by the countries of the American continent to create an institution concerned with addressing common problems, whether political, economic, social, or security. The efforts of the Organization of American States began since the adoption of its charter in 1948, to be a pioneer in strengthening international security and achieving peace on the American continent. Accordingly, during the period 1948-1950, some member states sought help from the Organization of American States to resolve disputes that arose between them, starting with the conflict that broke out between the Dominican Republic and Cuba, through the dispute between Costa Rica and Nicaragua, and ending with the mutual accusations between Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Thanks to its mechanisms for peaceful settlement, the Organization of American States has proven its success and its ability to intervene and act as a body to settle disputes between American states by peaceful means.

التنزيلات

تنزيل البيانات ليس متاحًا بعد.

المراجع

-وثائق الكونغرس الأمريكي:

U.S. Congress, Congressional Record, Proceedings Of Congress And General Congressional Publications, Volume 72, No.7 , April 10, 1930 To April 28, 1930, Washington, 1930.

-وثائق منظمة الدول الأمريكية:

Organization Of American States , Annals of the Organization of American States, Vol. 2, No. 4, Pan American Union, Washington, D. C., 1950.

_______________, Annals Of The Organization Of American States, Vol. 2, No. 1, Pan American Union, Washington, D. C., 1950.

_______________, Annals Of The Organization Of American States, Vol. I, No. I , Pan American Union, Washington, D. C., 1949.

_______________, Annals Of The Organization Of American States, Vol. I, No. 2, Pan American Union, Washington, D. C., 1949.

_______________, Annals Of The Organization Of American States, Vol. 3, No. 3, Pan American Union, Washington, D. C., 1951.

William Manger, The Charter Of The Organization Of American States, Bulletin Of The Pan American Union, Vol. 82, No.7, Pan American Union, Washington, D. C., 1948.

-المنشورات الإخبارية لوزارة خارجية الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية:

U.S Department of State, Partners The Story Of Our Latin American Relations, Department Of State Publication 5604, Inter-American Series 49, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C , December 1954.

U.S. Department of State, Peace in the Americas: A Résumé Of Measures Undertaken Through The Organization Of American States To Preserve The Peace With Relevant Documents, Department of State Publication 3964, Organization and Conference II, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1950.

U.S. Department Of State, The Department Of State Bulletin, Vol.23, NO.574, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C , July 3, 1950.

U.S. Department Of State, Treaty Information December 31, 1932 Supplement To Bulletin, No. 39 Alist Of Treaties And Other International Acts Of The United States Of America In Force December 31, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C,1933.

William Sanders, Sovereignty And Interdependence In The New World Comments On The Inter-American System , The Department Of State Bulletin, Vol. 18, No. 449, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C, February 8, 1948.

ثانيًا: التقارير الرسمية

Second International Conference of American States : message from the President of the United States, transmitting a communication from the Secretary of State, submitting the report, with accompanying papers, of the delegates of the United States to the Second International Conference of American States, held at the City of Mexico from October 22, 1901, to January 22, 1902, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1902.

L.S. Rowe, Informe A Los Gobiernos De Las Repúblicas Miembros De La Unión Panamericana Sobre El Trabajo De La Unión Desde La Clausura De La Cuarta Conferencia Internacional Americana Período De 1910 A 1923, Union Panamericana , Wáshington.D. C, 1923.

ثالثًا: الكُتب الوثائقية

Pan American Union, Inter-American Treaty Of Reciprocal Assistance Applications , Vol.1, 1948-1959, Pan American Union, Washington, D.C., 1964.

Pedro-Félix Sálas Elgart, El Tratado Interamericano De Asistencia Recíproca De Río De Janeiro(1947), Editorial Jurídica, Santiago De Chile, 1962.

U.S. Department of State, A Decade Of American Foreign Policy: Basic Documents, 1941-1949، Greenwood Press ،New York, 1968.

U.S. Department of State, American Foreign Policy1950-1955:Basic Documents, Vol. 2, Department Of State, Washington D.C., 1957.

رابعًا: الرسائل الجامعية:

Ronald D. Scott, The Inter-American Peace Committee: A Study of Dispute Settlement In the Organization of American States, Master Thesis, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, Massachusetts, 1966 .

خامسًا: الكُتب

أ-العربية والمعربة:

أودو زاوتر، رؤساء الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية منذ عام1789حتى اليوم، دار الحكمة، لندن، 2006.

خوسيه إنريكي رودو، بوليفار، ترجمة: محمود علي مكي، المجلس الأعلى للثقافة، القاهرة، 2007.

ب-الإنجليزية:

Alan James, Peacekeeping In International Politics, International Institute For Strategic Studies, London, 1990.

Carolyn M. Shaw, Cooperation, Conflict, And Consensus In The Organization Of American States, Palgrave Macmillant, 2004.

Charles D. Ameringer, The Caribbean Legion : Patriots, Politicians, Soldiers Of Fortune : 1946-1950, Pennsylvania State University Press, Pennsylvania, 1996.

Diego Lozada, Biografias Personajes Formadores De La Historia, Edissa Internacional S A, Bogota, 2001.

Edward S. Mihalkanin, American Statesmen: Secretaries Of State From John Jay To Colin Powell, Greenwood Press, Connecticut, 2004.

Gordon Connell smith, the inter-American system, royal institute of international affairs, London, 1966.

J. Lloyd Mecham, The United States and Inter-American Security 1889-1960, University Of Texas Press, 1961.

John Lynch, Simon Bolivar: A Life, Yale University Press, Connecticut, 2006.

John Vavasour Noel, History Of The Second Pan-American Congress: With Notes On The Republic Of Mexico, Guggenheimer, Weil & Co., Maryland, 1902.

Monica Herz & Joao Pontes Nogueira, Ecuador Vs Peru: Peacemaking Amid Rivalry, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Colorado, 2002.

O. Carlos Stoetzer, The Organization Of American States; An Introduction, Frederick A. Praeger, New York , 1965.

Organization Of American States , The O.A.S And The Evolution Of The Inter-American System, General Secretariat, Organization of American States, Washington, D. C, 1989.

Paul H. Lewis, Authoritarian Regimes In Latin America: Dictators, Despots, And Tyrants, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Maryland, 2006.

Robert D. Crass Weller, Trujillo the Life And Times Of A Caribbean Dictator, The Macmillan Company, New York, 1966.

Samuel Guy Inman, Inter-American Conferences 1826-1954: History and Problems, The University Press Of Washington, D. C, 1965.

ج-الإسبانية:

Leandro Ariel Morgenfeld , Nuestra América Frente A La Doctrina Monroe: 200 Años De Disputas, Clacso, Buenos Aires, 2023.

د-البرتغالية:

Alzira Alves De Abreu, Dicionário Histórico-Biográfico Da Primeira República: 1889-1930, Fundação Getulio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro, 2015.

سادسًا: المجلات العلمية الأجنبية

Alexia Ugalde Quesada, The Invasión of December 10, 1948, to Costa Rica in a National and Transnational Perspective, Anuario de Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol.46, Centro de Investigaciones Históricas de América Central Universidad de Costa Rica, 2020.

C. G. Fenwick, Application of the Treaty of Rio de Janeiro to the Controversy Between Costa Rica and Nicaragua, The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 43, No. 2, American Society of International Law, 1949.

C. G. Fenwick, The Inter-American Peace Committee, The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 43, No. 4, American Society of International Law, 1949.

Carl B. Spaeth and William Sanders, The Emergency Advisory Committee for Political Defense , The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 38, No. 2, American Society of International Law, Washington, D. C, 1944.

Carlos E. Castañeda, The First Pan-American Congress, The North American Review, Vol. 223, No. 831, University of Northern Iowa, Iowa, 1926.

Charles G. Fenwick, The Ninth International Conference of American States, The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 42, No. 3, : American Society of International Law, Washington, D. C , 1948.

Clifford B. Casey, The Creation and Development of the Pan American Union, The Hispanic American Historical Review, Vol. 13, No. 4, Duke University Press, North Carolina, 1933.

Marcia Olander, Costa Rica in 1948: Cold War or Local War?, The Americas, Vol. 52, No. 4, Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Pan American Union, How the RIO Treaty Works, Americas, Vol .I , No. 1, 1949, Pan American Union, Washington D.C., 1949.

Rufus G. Hall, Jr., Actions Of The Council Of The Organization Of American States Under The Rio Pact, The Southwestern Social Science Quarterly , Vol. 32, No. 2, Wiley, 1951.

Samuel Guy Inman, Pan-American Conferences And Their Results, The Southwestern Political And Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 4, No. 3, Wiley, New York , 1923.

Third Meeting Of Ministers Of Foreign Affairs Of The American Republics, The American Journal Of International Law, Vol. 36, No. 2, American Society Of International Law, Washington, D. C ,1942.

سابعًا: كتب القواميس والموسوعات

Alexander Deconde, Encyclopedia Of American Foreign Policy: Studies Of The Principal Movements And Ideas, Vol. 2, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1978.

Giuseppe Schiavone, International Organizations: A Dictionary & Directory, Macmillan Press, London, 1983.

منشور

2024-06-30

إصدار

القسم

الدراسات التاريخية

الفئات

كيفية الاقتباس

"دور منظمة الدول الأمريكية في التسوية السلمية للنزاعات الأمريكية (1948-1950)". 2024. مجلة اداب ذي قار 6 (46): 83-108. https://doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v6i46.609.

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