أزمة العمل الفدائي في لبنان أبان حكومة رشيد كرامي

المؤلفون

  • م. د. محمد جابر عناد العبودي العراق- وزارة التربية/ مديرية تربية ذي قار

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v2i36.267

الكلمات المفتاحية:

لبنان, أزمة, الفدائي, كرامي, السياسة, فلسطين

الملخص

شغلت القضية الفلسطينية الرأي العام العالمي بشكل عام, واللبناني بشكل خاص, لما لها من ارتباط وثيق بين الأوساط الشعبية اللبنانية, وقد أثرت تلك القضية بشكل مباشر على أوضاع لبنان الداخلية والخارجية وتحديداً العمل الفدائي فيه، وكانَت لها آثاراً سلبية على الوضع الداخلي في لبنان وتحديداً في تبدل الوزارات الحكومية بين الحين والآخر والمصادمات العسكرية بين الجيش والمقاومة, مما جعل أزمة العمل الفدائي مرتبطةً بالشخصية الوزارية في لبنان تحديداً مهمة ومتعلقة في الوقت نفسه مع بعض السياسيينَ اللبنانيينَ, وبناءً على تلك الأهمية جاءت دراستنا لموضوع ""أزمة العمل الفدائي في لبنان أبان حكومة رشيد كرامي (15 كانون الثاني-25 تشرين الثاني 1969) وتداعياتها السياسية", الذي تسنم الوزارة أثر قصف مطار بيروت من جانب, وتصاعد العمل الفدائي في جنوب لبنان من جانب آخر. في حين بقيت حكومة رشيد كرامي تصارع الانقسام في الشارع اللبناني ما بين مؤيد ومعارض لذلك العمل, حتى جرت أحدث دموية خلال حكم تلك الوزارة دفعها للاستقالة, لكنها باشرت بإعمالها كحومة تصريف أعمال لمهامها الوزارية بصورة شكلية, فانتهت إلى عقد أتفاق القاهرة تشرين الثاني 1969, وبذلك الاتفاق أتسع العمل الفدائي في لبنان بشكل واسع فائق عن النظير, لكن وفق شروط بين الحكومة اللبنانية ومنظمة التحرير الفلسطينية.

التنزيلات

تنزيل البيانات ليس متاحًا بعد.

المراجع

Published documents:

- Minutes of the Lebanese Parliament, (M.N.L.), Eleventh Legislative Round, First Extraordinary Contract 1967, Minutes of First Session, June 5, 1967.

- M.N.L., the eleventh legislative session, the second extraordinary decade 1968, the minutes of the first session, February 16, 1968.

- M.N.L., the twelfth legislative session, the first exceptional decade of 1969, the first session, January 30, 1969.

- M.N.L., Twelfth Legislative Session, First Ordinary Contract of 1969, Sixth Session Minutes, April 24, 1969.

- M.N.L., Twelfth Legislative Session, Second Ordinary Contract of 1969, Minutes of the Second Session, December 4, 1969.

- Arab Documentation House (A.D.H.), The Arab World File, Relations with the Palestinian Resistance, Beirut, L-1/1301.

- A.D.H., The Arab World File, The Lebanese-Palestinian Agreements, Beirut, L-5/1103.

- A.D.H., The Arab World File, Lebanon Biographies and Translations, Beirut, l-1/1906.

Foreign books:

- Chaeles Helou, Memoires, vol1, Librairie, Antoine, Beyrouth, 1982.

- Morrison and Gibb, The International Who's who of the Arab world, Ed.1, London, Britain, 1978.

- Robert Stephens, The Arabs' New Frontier, London, Britain, 1973.

- Robert M. Shelala II, U.S. Foreign Policy in Lebanon: Adapting to Regional Threats Today and Promoting Stability for the Future, East Eisenhower Parkway, 2011.

Dissertation and thesis:

- Ashraf Ibrahim Al-Qassas, The Role of the Palestinian Resistance in Confronting the Israeli Aggression on Lebanon from 1978-1982, Unpublished Master's Thesis, Faculty of Arts - Islamic University of Gaza, 2007.

- Eileen Matar Muhammad Al-Saeed, The American Position on the Lebanese Civil War 1975-1983, Unpublished Master's Thesis, College of Education, Dhi Qar University, 2013.

- Buthaina Abdel Rahman Al-Tikriti, Jamal Abdel Nasser, a historical study in the emergence and development of Nasserist thought, unpublished doctoral thesis, College of Arts, University of Baghdad, 1998.

- Bushra Ibrahim Salman Al-Anazi, Charles Helou and its impact on Lebanese internal politics (1946-1970) historical study, unpublished master's thesis, College of Education for Girls, University of Baghdad, 2014.

- Saad Nassif Jassem Al-Jumaili, Political Developments in Lebanon (1958-1975), unpublished doctoral thesis, Higher Institute of Political and International Studies, Al-Mustansiriya University, 2004.

- Sufian Abdullah Hussein Al-Youssef, Lebanon's position on the Palestinian No 1958-1973, unpublished master's thesis, College of Education, University of Mosul, 2009.

- Aref Abd al-Hussein Abbas al-Fatlawi, Pierre Gemayel and his political role in Lebanon (1905-1984), unpublished master's thesis, Babylon University, College of Education for Human Sciences, 2014.

- Abbas Ahmed Farhan Al-Shammari, The Egyptian Position on the Lebanese-Palestinian Relations (1965-1975), an unpublished MA thesis, College of Education for Human Sciences, Dhi Qar University, 2015.

- Adai Ibrahim Majid Houran Al-Janabi, Camille Chamoun and his political role in Lebanon 1900-1987, unpublished MA thesis, College of Arts, University of Anbar, 2011.

- Ali Mahfouz Aziz Al-Khaffaf, Egypt’s position on the Palestinian No 1967-1970, unpublished master’s thesis, College of Education, University of Mosul, 2003.

- Qassem Jabbari Latif Muzahim Al-Murshidi, The Syrian Role in the Lebanese Civil War 1975-1982, Unpublished Master's Thesis, College of Education, University of Dhi Qar, 2012.

- Lamia Ahmed Mohsen, Lebanon A study in political geography and geopolitics, unpublished master's thesis, College of Education for Girls, University of Baghdad, 2004.

- Mohammad Jaber Enad Roudhan Al-Aboudi, Abdullah Al-Yafi and his political role in Lebanon 1901 - 1986, unpublished MA thesis, College of Education for Human Sciences, Dhi Qar University, 2014.

- Muhammad Hussein Zaboun Al-Saadi, Druze and their political role in Lebanon 1943-1989, unpublished doctoral thesis, College of Arts, University of Basra, 2008.

- Mortada Khalaf Hussein Al-Sahlani, Fouad Boutros and his political role in Lebanon 1917-1982, unpublished MA thesis, College of Education for Human Sciences, Dhi Qar University, 2019.

- Mahmoud Adel Abu Hilal, The Development of Lebanese-Palestinian Relations 1948-1975, Unpublished Master's Thesis, Faculty of Arts, Islamic University of Gaza, 2006.

Arabic and Arabized books:

- Ibrahim Amer and others, Al-Hilal Socialist Encyclopedia, Al-Hilal, Egypt, 1970.

- Ahmed Zein El-Din, Why is there a war in Lebanon every 15 years?, Nofal, Beirut, 2008.

- Ahmed Zein El-Din, Parliamentary Life, May 4, 1968 - May 3, 1972, Beirut, 1996. Israa Sharif Al Kaoud, Lebanon from the Israeli invasion of Beirut until after the Taif Agreement, Baghdad, 2012.

- Jan Melha, Lebanese Ministries and Their Data, Library of Lebanon, Beirut, 1981.

- Jan Melha, Governments of Lebanon 65 Governments in 60 Years Ministerial Statements and Ministers 1943- 2003, Publishers, Lebanon, 2003.

- Hazem Saghieh, Syria and Lebanon: The Origins and Prospects of Relationships, Emirates Center, Abu Dhabi, 2007.

- Halim Saeed Abu Izz al-Din, Those Days, Memoirs and Memories, Part 1, New Horizons, Beirut, 1982.

- Hanna Ziadeh, Sectarian Blood Spill and Nation Building in Lebanon, translated by Lama Bawadi and Nagham Sefrawi, Arabic, Beirut, 2010.

- Khalil Ahmed Khalil, Supplement to the Encyclopedia of Politics, The Arabic for Studies and Publishing, Beirut, 2004.

- Raja Sarie Al-Din, Documents of the Lebanese War of 1987 (diaries, photos, documents), Arab Center for Research and Documentation, Beirut, 1988.

- Rizk Rizk, Rashid Karami, the politician and statesman, Zalfa, Beirut, (N.D.).

- Ragheed Al-Solh, Lebanon and Arabism, National Identity and State Formation, Al-Saqi, Beirut, 2006.

- Roger Parkinson, Encyclopedia of Modern War, translated by Samir Abdel Rahim Chalabi, Volume 1, Dar Al-Mamoun, Baghdad, 1990.

- Roger Jahshan, Hussein Al-Aweni, Fifty Years of History of Lebanon and the Middle East (1920-1970), translated by George Abi Saleh, Dar Al-Kutub Press, Beirut, 2000.

- Riad Al-Hajj, Political Lebanon, (N.P.), (N.D.).

- Richard Nixon, Beyond Peace, translated by Malik Abbas, Amman, 1995.

- Samir Shaheen, The Years of Propagation, Memories from the Press and Politics, Volume 2, The Mediterranean, Beirut, 2003.

- Samir Kassir, The Lebanon War from National Discord to Sectarian Conflict, An-Nahar, Beirut, 2007.

- Salwa Shukri Nassar, The Role of Lebanon in the Arab World, Ahlia, Beirut, 1974.

- Shadi Khalil Abu Issa, United States of Lebanon, Publications, Lebanon, 2009.

- Charles Helou, Life in Memories, An-Nahar, Beirut, 1995.

- Shukri Nasrallah, History of Lebanon and the Lebanese: A Look Back, Publications, Beirut, 2006.

- Adel Ismail, Lebanon in its history and heritage, part 2, Al-Nahal, Beirut, 1993.

- Abdel Wahab Al Kayyali, Encyclopedia of Politics, Volume 2, The Arab Foundation, Beirut, (N.D.).

- Abdel Wahab Kayyali and Kamel Zuhairi, The Political Encyclopedia, The Arab Studies, Beirut, 1974.

- Abdul Majeed Al-Rafei, Lebanon and the Conspiracy, The Revolution, Baghdad, 1977.

- Abdo Oweidat, Governance in Lebanon, Oweidat, Beirut, 1977.

- Tony Youssef, The White Face of Lebanon, Dictionary of the Twentieth Century, Beirut, (N.D.).

- Farouk Abu Deeb, The Arab Immigrant Press, Madbouly, Cairo, 1985.

- Fouad Boutros, Memoirs of Fouad Boutros, prepared by Antoine Saad, An-Nahar, Beirut, 2009.

- Farid Al-Khazen, The Disintegration of the State in Lebanon 1967-1976, translated by Shukri Rahim, 2nd Edition, An-Nahar, Beirut, 2002.

- Karim Pakradouni, Curse of a Nation from the Lebanon War to the Gulf War, Across the East, Beirut, (N.D.).

- Kirsten Schulze, Israel's Secret Diplomacy in Lebanon 1948-1984, Publications Company, Beirut, 2013.

- Laila Al-Hurr, The Palestinians in Lebanon, the Relationship with the Lebanese State, An-Nahar, Lebanon, 1970.

- Laila Raad, The Political and Economic History of Lebanon 1958-1975, presented by Masoud Daher, The Tourist, Lebanon, 2005.

- Mahmoud Riad, Memoirs of Mahmoud Riad 1948-1978 The Search for Peace... and Conflict in the Middle East, Al Arabiya for Studies and Publishing, Beirut, 1981.

- Mahmoud Sweid, Southern Lebanon in the face of Israel, 50 years of steadfastness and resistance, Palestinian Studies, Beirut, 1998.

- Muhammad Jamil Beyhem, Lebanon between East and West 1920-1969, Beirut, 1969.

- Musa Ibrahim, The Modern History of Lebanon from the Era of the Emirate to the Doha Agreement, Al-Manhal Lebanese, Beirut, 2011.

- Netham Sharabi , America and the Arabs, America policy in the Arab world in the twentieth century, Riyadh Al-Rayes, London, 1990.

- Nawal Mikdashi and others, Arabic Documents 1969, American University of Beirut, Yafeth Memorial Library, Lebanon, (N.D.).

- Helena Cuban, Lebanon, 400 Years of Sectarianism, translated and presented by Samir Atallah, High Light, London, 1985.

- Walid Abi Murshid and others, Yearbook of 1969, Institute for Palestine Studies, Beirut, 1972.

Newspapers and magazines:

Lebanese Newspapers:

- Al-AI-Anwar, Lebanon, Beirut, No/2939, January 3, 1969.

- Lebanese AI-AI-Anwar, No/2944, January 8, 1969.

- Lebanese AI-Anwar, No/3219, October 13, 1969.

- Lebanese AI-Anwar, No/3220, October 14, 1969.

- Lebanese AI-Anwar, No/3229, October 23, 1969.

- Lebanese AI-Anwar, No/3230, October 24, 1969.

- Lebanese AI-Anwar, No/3232, October 27, 1969.

- Lebanese AI-Anwar, No/3234, October 29, 1969.

- Lebanese AI-Anwar, No/3235, October 30, 1969.

- Lebanese AI-Anwar, No/3237, November 1, 1969.

- Lebanese AI-Anwar, No/3239, November 3, 1969.

- Lebanese AI-Anwar, No/3240, November 4, 1969.

- Lebanese AI-Anwar, No/3242, November 6, 1969.

- Lebanese Al-Hurriya, Lebanon, Beirut, No/410, April 19, 1968.

- Lebanese Al-Hurriya, No/464, May 19, 1969.

- Lebanese El-Yom, Lebanon, Beirut, No/7285, June 16, 1967.

Egyptian newspapers:

- Egyptian Al-Ahram, No/30085, April 24, 1969.

- Egyptian Al-Ahram, No/30086, April 25, 1969.

- Egyptian Al-Ahram, No 30273, October 29, 1969.

- Egyptian Al-Ahram, No/30276, November 1, 1969.

- Egyptian Al-Ahram, No/30278, November 3, 1969.

- Egyptian Al-Ahram, No/30279, November 4, 1969.

- Egyptian Al-Ahram, No 30282, November 7, 1969.

Jordanian newspapers:

- Jordan Al-Defense, No/10338, October 31, 1969.

- Jordan Al-Defense, No/10341, November 3, 1969.

Magazines:

- Ahmed Mufleh, The Relationship between the Palestinian Revolution and the Lebanese State 1965-1975, The Arab Future Magazine, Center for Arab Unity Studies, Beirut, No 154, December 1991.

- Saleh Jayoul Juwaid Al-Saray, Lebanon and the Palestinian cause 1965-1969, Journal of the College of Education, University of Dhi Qar, Volume 2, No 1, January 2012.

- Sulafa Hijjawi, The Palestinians in Lebanon, Journal of the Center for Arab Studies, University of Baghdad, No/22, May-June 1977.

- Samir Shaheen, The National Pact between the Concepts of Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow, The Arab Week magazine, Beirut, Lebanon, No 512, March 31, 1969.

- Muhammad Jaber Inad Al-Aboudi and Haider Ali Khalaf Al-Akaili, Hussein Al-Aweni and his political role in Lebanon during his electoral ministry (February 14 - June 7, 1951), Journal of Research in Educational and Human Sciences, Arts and Languages, Vol./1, No/6, Part/3, College of Education For girls, University of Basra, Iraq, November 2020.

- Naglaa Attia, The Historical Development of the Lebanese Crisis, Arab Horizons Magazine, Beirut, No/7, March 1984.

التنزيلات

منشور

2021-12-24

كيفية الاقتباس

"أزمة العمل الفدائي في لبنان أبان حكومة رشيد كرامي". 2021. مجلة اداب ذي قار 2 (36): 50-89. https://doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v2i36.267.

المؤلفات المشابهة

11-20 من 47

يمكنك أيضاً إبدأ بحثاً متقدماً عن المشابهات لهذا المؤلَّف.