Duke of Wellington and his role in British foreign policy 1814-1828
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v3i44.503Keywords:
historical events, Napoleonic wars, disturbance of the situation, treaties and agreements, calm and peaceAbstract
We dealt in this research with the study of a British military and political personality, who influenced the European political and military scene, as he worked in his beginnings as a military commander of the forces that faced Napoleon Bonaparte and defeated him, which earned him a stereotypical image as a European hero, which contributed to his acceptance of reforming the situation in Europe that was harmed by wars that lasted for about a quarter of a century, Britain relied on him to be its envoy to the conferences and meetings that were held for the sake of the European situation, and because of the acceptability that he enjoyed, he was able to conclude treaties and agreements that serve Britain in the first place and then contribute to the permanence of calm and peace in Europe.
The study of military and political personalities has attracted the attention of researchers in history, because those personalities have drawn with their political and military career an important record for recording historical events, especially since the career of those personalities has represented stages of development and modernity in the military and political aspect, this is if one of them has emerged in a certain aspect such as being a military or a political, so what about the one who was able to combine the two aspects, and an example of that is the personality of Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington, who is one of the important personalities of Britain and one of its greatest military leaders, so he was the subject of interest of many writers of personal biographies, but most of them focused on the few years of the Duke's military career, especially with the rise of his star in the Battle of Waterloo, which made them neglect the political aspect in the Duke's life, that aspect in which he played a pivotal role that showed the nature of Britain's foreign policy after the Napoleonic wars in Europe and the resulting clear disturbance in the general situation in Europe.
Downloads
References
- Documents: The Duke of Wellington’s correspondence at home and abroad includes two sections:
Duke of Wellington the Supplementary Dispatches (W.S.D)
Wellington New Despatches (W.N.D):-
Wellington to George IV , 1 July 1824, Wellington M.S.S., W.P.1/797/1 (also Wellington in W.N.D ., Vol. II .
Bathurst to Wellington , 10 Apr. 1826 , in W.N.D. ,Vol. III .
Bathurst to Wellington , 14 Sept. 1822, in W.S.D., Vol. I.
Canning to Wellington , 4 Aug. 1823, Wellington M.S.S., W.P/769/6 (also Wellington in W.N.D ., Vol. II .
Canning to Wellington, 13 Dec. 1822, in W.N.D., Vol. I .
Canning to Wellington, 27 Sept. 1822, in W.S.D., Vol. I.
Canning to Wellington, 3 Dec. 1822, in W.N.D., Vol. I.
Castlereagh to Liverpool , 12 Aug. 1815 , NO:31 (precis),in B.D.
Castlereagh to Liverpool , 29 July 1815 in B.D .
Castlereagh to Wellington , 1 Oct. 1814 in B.D.
Castlereagh to Wellington , 12 Mar. 1815 in W.S.D ., Vol. IX .
Castlereagh to Wellington , 16 Mar. 1815 in B.D .
Castlereagh to Wellington , 6 Sept. 1816 , in W.S.D ., Vol. XI .
Castlereagh to Wellington , 6 Sept. 1816 , in W.S.D ., Vol. XI .
Castlereagh to Wellington , 8 Apr. 1815 in B.D.
Castlereagh to Wellington , 9 May 1814 , Wellington , Mss., WPI/414 also in W.S.D., Vol. IX .
General O'lawlor to Wellington , Valencia , 22 April 1814 , in W.S.D. , Vol. IX .
Liverpool to Castlereagh , 20 Feb. 1815 , in W.S.D ., Vol. IX .
Liverpool to Wellington , 23 Sept. 1814 in W.S.D . , Vol. IX .
Memorandum , enclosed in Wellington to Canning , 30 Jan. 1826 , , Wellington papers, W.P.1/848/17 (also published in W.N.D ., Vol. III .
Memorandum , Wellington to Canning , 26 Jan. 1826 , , Wellington M.S.S., W.P.1/848/14 (also Wellington in W.N.D ., Vol. III .
Memorandum by Wellington , 25 Aug. 1816 in W.S.D. , Vo. XI .
Memorandum by Wellington to Canning , 10 Feb. 1823 , Wellington M.S.S. , W.P/757/5( also in W.N.D) , Vol. II.
Memorandum from Wellington to ministers of the four allied powers , 20 Nov. 1822, Wellington M.S.S., W.P/739/1(also Wellington in W.N.D ., Vol. I .
Memorandum of note on the reduction of army of occupation , 9 Jan. 1817 , in W.S.D., Vol. XI.
Memorandum to be read to Villele , 12 Nov.1822 , Wellington M.S.S. , W.P/ 738/16(also in W.N.D., Vo. I.
The Prince of Orange , 3 April 1816 in W.S.D., Vol. XI, .
Thomas Clarkson to the Duck of Gloucester , 27 Aug. 1814 in W.S.D., Vol. IX.
Thomas Clarkson to the Duke of Gloucester , 27 Aug. 1814 in W.S.D ., Vol. IX .
Wellington to Bathurst ,Berlin , 17 Feb . 1826 , in W.N.D ., Vol. III .
Wellington to Bathurst , 13 Feb. 1816 , in W.S.D., Vol. XI .
Wellington to Bathurst , 2 July 1815 , in W.D. Vol. XII .
Wellington to Bathurst , 27 Oct. 1827 , Wellington M.S.S., W.P.1/899/14 (also published in W.N.D ., Vol. IV .
Wellington to Bathurst , San Petersburg , 17 Apr.1826 , in W.N.D. , Vol. III .
Wellington to Bathurst ,14 Sept. 1822, in W.S.D., Vol. I.
Wellington to Bathurst, 5 Oct. 1818 in W.S.D .,Vol. XII.
Wellington to Beresford , 3 Nov. 1823, Wellington M.S.S., W.P.1/777/1 (also Wellington in W.N.D ., Vol. II .
Wellington to Canning , 19 Dec. 1822, Wellington M.S.S., W.P/746/31 (also Wellington in W.N.D ., Vol. I .
Wellington to Canning , 20 July 1824, Wellington M.S.S., W.P.1/768/24 (also Wellington in W.N.D ., Vol. II .
Wellington to Canning , 21 Sept. 1822, in W.S.D., Vol. I.
Wellington to Canning , 26 Nov. 1822, Wellington M.S.S., W.P/739/11 (also Wellington in W.N.D ., Vol. I .
Wellington to Canning , 29 Oct. 1822, Wellington M.S.S., W.P/ 1732/13 (also in W.N.D ., Vol. I.
Wellington to Canning , 3 Aug. 1823, Wellington M.S.S., W.P/770/4 (also Wellington in W.N.D ., Vol. II .
Wellington to Canning , 30 Sept. 1822, in W.S.D., Vol. I.
Wellington to Canning , 31 July 1823, Wellington M.S.S., W.P/768/25 (also Wellington in W.N.D ., Vol. II .
Wellington to Canning , 33 Mar. 1823, Wellington M.S.S., W.P/759/13 (also Wellington in W.N.D ., Vol. II .
Wellington to Canning , 8 Nov. 1822, in W.S.D., Vol. I.
Wellington to Canning , 10 Feb. 1826 , , Wellington M.S.S., W.P.1/848/7 (also published in W.N.D ., Vol. III .
Wellington to Castlereagh , 11 Aug. 1815 in W.D .,Vol. XII.
Wellington to Castlereagh , 11 Aug. 1815 in W.D., Vol. XII.
Wellington to Castlereagh , 19 Feb. 1818 in W.S.D .,Vol. XII.
Wellington to Castlereagh , 25 Mar. 1815 in B.D .
Wellington to Castlereagh , 26 Aug. 1816 in W.S.D .,Vol. XI.
Wellington to Castlereagh , 30 Aug. 1816 in W.S.D .,Vol. XI.
Wellington to Castlereagh , 5 June. 1817 in W.S.D .,Vol. XI.
Wellington to Castlereagh , Copy , Toulouse , 15 May 1814 , Wellington , Mss., WPI/ 417.
Wellington to Henry Wellesley , Toulouse , 14 May 1814 , Wellington ,Mss., WPI/417.
Wellington to Liverpool , 7 Sept. 1814 in W.S.D. , Vol. IX .
Wellington to Liverpool , Copy , Paris , 9 May 1814 , Wellington Mss., WPI/.
Wellington to Sir Charles Stuart , Copy , 25 May 1814 , Wellington , Mss. , W.P.I/ 417 .
Wellington to Stuart , 24 Apr. 1816 , in W.S.D., Vol. XI .
Wellington to Westmoreland , 24 Jan. 1828 , in W.N.D. , Vol.IV .
Wellington to Wilberforce , Copy , 8 Oct. 1814 , Wellington Mss., WPI/ 432.
- Foreign books:
Adam Zamoyski , The rites of peace : the fall of Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna , London , 2007.
Alan Palmer , Metternich , London , 1972 .
Alan Palmer, An Encyclopedia Of Napoleons Europe, London, 1989 .
Angus Hawkins , The forgotten prime minister , Vol.1 , (1794-1851) , Oxford , 2009 .
Charles Webster (ed.) , British diplomacy 1813-1815 , London , 1921 .
Charles Webster , Foreign policy of Castlereagh 1815 -1822 : Britain and the European Alliance ,London , 1931.
Edward Law , A Political Diary, 1828-1830, Vol.I ,London , 1881.
J.E. Cookson , Lord Liverpool's Administration the crucial years 1815-1822 , London , 1975 .
J.E.S . Green , Wellington Boislecomte and the congress of Verona 1822 , Transactions of the royal Historical Society , Vol. I, 1918 .
John Charmley , The Princess and politicians ( Intrigue and diplomacy 1812-1840 in regency England ) , London , 2005 .
John Pollock , Wilberforce , New York , 1978 .
M. Chamberlain , The soldier and the classicist : Wellington studies , London , 1989 .
Mark Jarrett , Congress of Vienna and Its legacy : war the great power diplomacy after Napoleon ,London , 2013 .
Michel Hurst (ed.) , Treaties for the great powers 1814-1917 , Vol. I, Newton Abbot , 1972 .
Paul Kielstra , The politics of save trade suppression in Britain and France 1814-1848, London , 1973 .
Paul W. Schroeder , Transformation of European politics 1763 – 1848 , Oxford , 1994 .
Raymond Carr (ed.) , Spain : A History , , Oxford , 2000 .
Robert Jervis , Perception and misperception in International politics , Princeton University Press, 1996 .
Rory Muir, Wellington: The Path to Victory 1769-1814 , Vol . II ,London , 2013 .
Thomas Dwight Veve , The Duke of Wellington and the British army of occupation in France 1815- 1818 , London , 1992 .
- University theses and dissertations:
Narges Karim Khudair Al-Khafaji, Castlereagh’s political role in Europe 1812-1822, unpublished master’s thesis, Dhi Qar University / College of Education, 2010 .
- Arabic books:
Alan Palmer, Encyclopedia of Modern History, Part 1, Arabized by: Sawsan Faisal and Yusuf Muhammad Amin, Baghdad, 1992.
- International newspapers and scientific magazines:
Guillaume de Bertier De Sauvigny, The Bourbon restoration :One Century of French Historiography , French Historical Studies; Baton Rouge, La., etc. Vol. 12, Iss. 1, 1981.
H.M. Lackland , Wellington at Verona , English Historical review , Vol. 35 , No:140 , 1920.
Harold Temperley , Foreign policy of Canning 1822-1827 , The American Historical Review, Vol. 31, No: 2 ,(Jan., 1926) .
Loyal Cowles, The failure to restrain Russia: Canning, Nesselrode, and the Greek question, 1825–1827, The International History Review, Vol. 12, No: 4 ,Nov., 1990 .
Norihito Yamada , George Canning and the Spanish question , September 1822 to March 1823 , Historical Journal , Vol. 52 , No: 2 June. 2004 .
Paul W. Schroder , Die the Vienna settlement rest on a balance of power , American Historical review , Vol. 47 , Oxford University Press, 3 Jun.1993 .
Francis Bamford and the Duke of Wellington (ed.), Journal of Mrs. Arbuthnot 1820-1832 ,Vol. 1, 18 Nov. 1823 , London , 1950.
- Internet :
Article II of the Additional Article of the treaty of London , Key Treaties for great powers , متاحة على الموقع:.مقالة
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Haider Jawad Kadhim
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The journal applies the license of CC BY (a Creative Commons Attribution International license). This license allows authors to keep ownership of the copyright of their papers. But this license permits any user to download, print out, extract, reuse, archive, and distribute the article, so long as appropriate credit is given to the authors and the source of the work. The license ensures that the article will be available as widely as possible and that the article can be included in any scientific archive.
