The position of the Arab press on the Islamic revolution in Iran 1979 (The position of the Syrian newspapers Al Thawra and Kuwaiti Al Raai Al Aam as a model)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v2i39.353Keywords:
The Syrian Revolution Newspaper, the Kuwaiti Public Opinion Newspaper, Mr. Khomeini, the Iranian Revolution, the ShahAbstract
The research studies the position of the Arab press on the events of the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979, and the two newspapers, the Syrian Revolution and the Kuwaiti public opinion, were chosen as a model for the study, which was divided into three sections. Economic, and reasons related to Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi’s management of the state. The second topic deals with the position of the Syrian newspapers, Al-Thawra and Kuwaiti Public Opinion, from the government of Shahpour Bakhtiar, and the Shah’s departure from Iran. The study relates to the position of the Syrian Al-Thawra newspapers and the Kuwaiti public opinion on the return of Mr. Ruhollah Khomeini, and the formation of the government of Mahdi Bazargan, as the Syrian newspaper Al-Thawra showed its bias towards Mr. Khomeini's leadership of the revolution, while the public opinion was satisfied with blessing the revolution's victory, considering it a popular revolution.
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First: American documents
(1) F.R.S.U. The Special Assistant to the president (Harriman) to the department of state, 17 July 1951 (Iran 1952 1954) V.X, Washington, 1989.
(2) F.R.U.S, The Ambassador in Iran to the Department of state, 21 August 1953, (Iran 1952 1954) V.X, Washington, 1989.
(3) F.R.U.S, The Ambassador in Iran to the Department of state, 23 August 1953, (Iran 1952 1954) V.X, Washington, 1989.
Second: - Theses and Dissertations
(1) Amal Abbas Jabr Al-Bahrani, The Islamic Revolution in Iran (a historical study in its causes, introductions and facts), unpublished doctoral thesis, College of Education, Al-Mustansiriya University, 2007
(2) Al-Mu’tasim Billah Ahmad Al-Khalayleh, Syrian-Iranian Relations during the Past Three Decades (1979-2008), an unpublished master’s thesis, Deanship of Graduate Studies, Mutah University, 2009.
(3) Hazem Abdel Ghafour Khamas, The Fall of the Monarchy in Iran and Its Impact on Arab National Security, unpublished PhD thesis, Higher Institute for Political and International Studies, 2005
(4) Hussein Abdul Hassan Hussein, SAVAK and its activities in Iran (1957-1979), an unpublished MA thesis, College of Education, Dhi Qar University, 2013
(5) Safaa Jalil Thajil, French-Iranian Relations (1958 - 1981), an unpublished master's thesis, College of Human Education, University of Dhi Qar, 2017.
(6) Murtaza Abdul-Hussain Muften, Shapour Bakhtiar (1914-1979), unpublished doctoral thesis, College of Arts, University of Basra, 2012
Third: Arabic and Arabized books
(1) Ibrahim El-Desouki Sheta, The Iranian Revolution Ideological Roots, 2nd Edition, Nonsense for Arab Media, Cairo, 1988
(2) Ahmad Mahaba, Iran between the crown and the turban, Freedom for Printing and Publishing, Beirut, 1989
(3) Ahmad Hussein Yaqoub, Imam Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution in Iran, Al-Ghadeer Center for Islamic Studies, Beirut, 2000
(4) Amal Al-Sobki, Iran’s political history between the two revolutions (1906-1979), The Knowledge World Books Series, Kuwait, 1978
(5) Arvand Ibrahimian, History of Modern Iran, World of Knowledge Books Series, Kuwait, 2014
(6) Jalal Al-Diny Madani, Contemporary Political History of Iran, d. Salem Mashkour, Islamic Media Organization, Qom, 1993
(7) Jaafar Hussein Nizar, Iran in labor and the counter-current of politics, House of Islamic Guidance for Printing and Publishing, Beirut, 1980
(8) Hassan Karim al-Jaf, Encyclopedia of Iran’s Political History from the Fall of the Qajar State and the Emergence of Reza Shah to the Fall of the Pahlavi Regime in the Era of Muhammad Reza Shah and the Establishment of the Islamic Republic, Volume IV, Arab House of Encyclopedias, Beirut, 2008
(9) Hajjet Murtaja, Political Currents in Contemporary Iran, d. Mahmoud Allawi, Supreme Council of Culture, Cairo, 2002
(10) Gholam Reza Najati, Contemporary Iranian History, d. Abd al-Rahim al-Hamrani, The Islamic Book House, Qom, 2008
(11) Taher Khalaf al-Baka, Internal Developments in Iran (1941-1951), Baghdad, 2002
(12) Talal Majzoub, Iran from the Constitutional Revolution to the Iranian Revolution (1906-1979), Ibn Rushd Press, Beirut, 1980
(13) Muhammad Wasfi Abu Moghli, Guide to Contemporary Iranian Personalities, Center for Arab Gulf Studies, Basra, 1983
(14) Muhammad Abdullah Al-Azzawi, Reflections of the Iranian Revolution, Bazargan, Difficult Labor, Damascus, 2010
(15) Memoirs of the deposed Shah of Iran, Muhammad Reza Pahlavi, Center for Arab Gulf Studies, University of Basra, 1980.
(16) Mahdi Bazargan, The boundary between politics and the state, d. Fadel Rasoul, Beirut, 1979.
Fourth: Books in English
(1) Gerhard L. Weinberg, A World at Arms A Global History of World War II, New York, 1994.
Michael Axworthy, Revolutionary Iran A History of The Islamic, New York, 2013.)
(3) Peter Avery, The Cambridge History Iran from Nadir Shah to the Islamic republic, V7, New york, 2008.
(4)Said Amir Arjomand,The Turban for the crown The Islamic Revolution in Iran,New York,1988.
Fifth: Published Researches
(1) Hamad Hamid Al Balushi, Kuwaiti-Iranian Relations, Interpretation of the Constructivist Perspective or the Introduction to the National Interest, Journal of Social Sciences, Volume 46 - Issue 1, 2018
(2) Haider Ali Khalaf, American Policy towards Iran under the Government of Shapur Bakhtiar (January 1 - February 11, 1979) Journal of the College of Education - Wasit University, Issue 18, April 2015
(3) Rahim Kazem Muhammad and Lee Hassan Ali, Pages of US-Iranian Military Relations (1969-1979) International Scientific Conference of the Department of History, Wasit University - College of Human Education, May 25, 2021
(4) Rawafed Jabbar Sharhan, One-party politics in Iran and its impact on the collapse of the Pahlavi regime 1979, Ikleel Magazine, Volume 2, Number 1, 2021
(5) Tributaries of Jabbar Sharhan, SAVAK Activity (1957-1979), Al-Mustansiriya Journal of Arts, Volume 39, Issue 72, 2016
(6) Rafid Ahmad Amin, American Policy toward the Shah’s Iran (1977-1979), Journal of Tikrit University for Legal and Political Sciences, Issue 9, Year 3
(7) Salam Khusraw Jawamir, Imam Khomeini, an overview of his biography, Ikleel Journal for Human Studies, Issue Seven, September 2021
(8) Ali Taher Turki, The Internal Opposition in Iran (1963-1979) A Reading of Confrontation Methods, Al-Bahith Magazine, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2012, p. 170
(9) Aladdin Muhammad Taqi and Ahmad Shakir Abd, US-Soviet Attitudes towards Iran (1978 - 1980), Journal of the College of Human Studies, No. 6, 2016
(10) Alaa Razak Fadel, The Position of the Soviet Union on the Iranian Revolution 1979, Journal of Historical Studies, Volume One, Issue 25, December 2018
(11) Faris Mahmoud Faraj, The Sultanate of Oman’s Position on the Iranian Revolution 1979, Journal of Historical and Cultural Studies, Volume 11, Issue 2/41, 2019
(12) Falih Hassan Ali and Muhammad Husayn Matar, The Political Activity of Mahmoud al-Talaqani in the Iranian Revolution until September 1979, Kufa Literature Magazine, Volume 2, Number 35, 2018
(13) Naim Jasim Muhammad, The Conditions of the Working Class in Iran during the Era of Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi (1941-1979), Uruk Journal for Human Research, Volume IV, Issue Two, May 2011
(14) Wafaa Abdul-Mahdi Rashid, The Jews in Iran between the Pahlavi and Republican Era (1925-1980), Iklil Journal for Human Studies, Issue Seven, September 2021
Sixth: Arab newspapers
(1) Kuwaiti newspaper Al-Rai Al-Aam 1979
(2) The Syrian Revolution newspaper 1979
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