Aspects of Grammatical Cohesion in Imam Hussein's (peace be upon him) Speech to Muawiya

Abstract

This research aims to utilize the findings of textual linguistics to clarify the role that cohesion plays in constructing the text and organizing the information within it. It also seeks to uncover the methods adopted by the researcher to achieve this goal, with grammatical cohesion being at the forefront. The research focuses on analyzing Imam Hussein's (peace be upon him) speech directed at Muawiya, presenting a deep textual study befitting the status of the author (Imam Hussein, peace be upon him). The research highlights a noticeable aesthetic effect in the coherence of the text in terms of form and content, charging it with concepts of confrontation and resistance that motivate the Islamic community to resist all forms of deception, falsehood, and distortion of principles practiced by the Umayyad party. The mechanisms of grammatical cohesion formed the basis for the vision of the noble Husseini text, searching for the pearls of beauty and elements of creative coherence. The textual features contributed to the continuous flow of the speech, leading to clear textual and semantic coherence. The research relied on cohesion as one of the most prominent textual standards identified by text scholars to demonstrate textual coherence. In this context, the elements of reference were addressed as a main factor of grammatical cohesion, capable of bridging gaps between parts of the text, creating a relationship of integration between grammatical units, and enhancing coherent expression that allows the recipient to navigate between parts of the text and understand its symbols. The element of substitution was also reviewed as an effective means within the text, granting the reader mental focus on the structural changes in the text's construction. The research then moved to the element of ellipsis as a linguistic method that stimulates the recipient's mind to search for hidden elements and reimagine them in this text. The final element discussed was conjunction, which serves as an effective means of textual coherence due to its diverse tools and frequent occurrence in the text, contributing to the recipient's engagement with the speech and understanding it. The research represents a deep analytical study of Husseini's speech, focusing on the role of grammatical cohesion in constructing the text and organizing information. It examines how Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) used grammatical cohesion methods to create textual and semantic coherence, enabling the recipient to understand the message more deeply. The study clearly shows how these elements contribute to creating a well-structured and impactful text that discusses noble issues and motivates the Islamic community to resist oppression. Husseini's speech emerges as a high intellectual value that demonstrates moral and faith-based challenge against corruption and deception. In this way, the text seeks to highlight the aesthetics of language and its interactions as an effective tool for spreading awareness and bringing about change, aligning with the spirit of Husseini's message that aims to achieve justice and eliminate oppression.